DISEASES OF THE BRAIN. 280 



and is said to be marked by no frenzy or excitement, but 

 from the first exhibits lowered or depressed functional 

 activity. 



But in some instances of encephalitis, at any rate, the 

 stage of depression is preceded by one of irritation, as in 

 meningitis. AYe ourselves have observed two instances, 

 corroborated by the post-mortem examination, in which 

 localized encephalitis was ushered in by the manifestation 

 of violent and uncontrollable frenzy. 



Nevertheless, great excitement and convulsions are 

 especially characteristic of meningeal inflammation as dis- 

 tinguished from pure encephalitis. 



The symptoms of meningo-encephalitis vary much in 

 accordance with the extent of the tissue inflamed, and its 

 seat. 



The temperature in this afl"ection is high, and the febrile 

 manifestations are strongly marked. The appetite is 

 capricious, and the bowels are confined. 



The animal is very intolerant of its head being handled 

 or pressed upon, and the skin and mouth are hotter than 

 natural. 



The eyes are staring and the pupils are contracted, 

 though in the later stages of the disease they become 

 widely dilated. The pulse is accelerated; the artery is 

 full, firm, and hard, and the respirations are quickened 

 and irregular. 



The urine is diminished in amount, and is of darker 

 colour than in health. 



The horse moves to and fro restlessly, and his body 

 is sometimes bedewed with perspiration. 



Occasionally muscular twitchings and general or local 

 hypersesthesia are manifested. 



The stage of excitement is of variable duration, and the 

 symptoms manifested in it differ widely in intensity. 



19 



