342 MANUAL OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



by good nutritious food and the administration of tonics and 

 stimulants. 



Some practitioners recommend the administration of 

 turpentine ; but in our hands it has not proved of much 

 benefit. 



4. OXYUmS CURVULA, or Pin-worm.— This worm is 

 partly transparent, and is marked with transverse strise. 



In length the males are one and three-quarter inch, and 

 the females from three to four inches, or even more. 



This worm has a long subulate tail. The usual habitat is 

 the entire length of the colon, where they are apt to set U2> 

 local irritation. 



The eggs accumulate round the anus; and, according to 

 Cobbold, horses directly become infected with the worm by 

 ingesting the eggs. 



Treatment. — Give cathartics and enemas; the latter 

 should be medicated. 



5. SPIROPTERA MEGASTOMA, or Large - mouthed 

 Maw-worm. 



The length of this species is from one-third to half an 

 inch, the females being a little longer than the males. 



Dr. Cobbold thus describes this worm : ' The males are 

 one-third of an inch and the female half an inch long. Around 

 the mouth are four thick horny lips, the dorso-ventral 

 being the larger. The tail of the male is spirally twisted, 

 and supplied with lateral bands, supported by three or four 

 ribs. It carries two curved spicules of unequal size. There 

 are live pairs of caudal papillae, and the tail is bluntly 

 pointed in both sexes. The vulva of the female is about 

 one-seventh " below the head. The eggs are linear, narrow, 

 and possess thick shells.' 



The parasites are found in tumours in the walls of the 

 stomach, especially at the cardiac end ; the tumours usually 

 contain a bundle of worms together with pus. 



