TRACES OF MAN'S ANTIQUITY 499 



discovery of camp sites in England with traces of fire 

 and an abundance of flint implements. No skeletal re- 

 mains have been discovered, with the possible exception, 

 of a lower jaw, but these other evidences and the geologi- 

 cal formation in which they occur clearly point to the 

 fact that England was inhabited by some type of human 

 beings at least 400,000 years ago. 



In 1917 the skeleton of another ancient type of man 

 was discovered in a cave in Rhodesia, South Africa. The 

 character of the geological formation gives no clue to 

 its exact age, but in respect to the face especially it is 

 one of the most primitive thus far discovered. The 

 ridges above the eyes resemble those .of an adult gorilla, 

 and together with certain features of the nose and mouth 

 must have given this race a most bestial appearance. 



Concerning its relationships little can be said until 

 qualified scientists render a verdict. The size of the 

 brain and various other characters suggest that it occu- 

 pies a position somewhere between the Piltdown and 

 Neanderthal races. And there is at least a remote possi- 

 bility that it may be closely related to the Heidelberg 

 race which up to the present time is known only from a 

 lower jaw discovered in Germany in 1907. 



The Neanderthal Man. — This species migrated 

 (seemingly from Asia) into Europe not less than 50,000 

 years ago, and became widely distributed throughout the 

 western portion of the continent. From numerous 

 skeletons it is evident that the body was short (4 ft. 10 in. 

 to 5 ft. 3 in.), thick-set, with powerful shoulders, short 

 arms, and stubby fingers and thumbs with less freedom 

 of movement than in modern man. There was also a 

 permanent ape-like bend to the knee and a hunch to 

 the shoulders that, very evidently resulted in an awkward 

 shufiling gait. The head was relatively enormous, with 

 great overhanging eyebrows, sloping forehead, long upper 

 lip and retreating chin, all of which must have given 

 this race a most repulsive appearance. 



