502 THE EVOLUTION OF MAN 



derthal people, and there are no indications that in turn 

 they fell before a superior foe. Nevertheless about 

 10,000 years ago the race gradually declined, leaving no 

 descendants with the possible exception of a few people 

 now living in southern France, Brittany, and possibly in 

 the Pyrenees. 



Later European Races. — Near the close of the Cro- 

 Magnon period several races of people migrated from 

 Asia into Europe and became differentiated into the 

 peoples living there to-day. One stream, constituting the 

 so-called Mediterranean type, flowed along the southern 

 coast, extended northward along the Atlantic seaboard 

 and entered the British Isles. Their descendants are 

 represented by many Greeks, Italians, Spaniards, Portu- 

 guese, and Englishmen, of short stature, dark complexion, 

 brown eyes and long heads. The Alpine type migrated 

 by way of the Black Sea and occupied Central Europe. 

 They are represented by many Greeks, Turks, Armenians, 

 South Germans, North Italians, many French and Swiss 

 and other inhabitants of that general region. In stature 

 these people are short, thick-set, with dark eyes and skin 

 and round heads. The Nordic type journeyed by way of 

 Russia into Northern Europe. In olden days they were 

 the Persians, Dorians, Thracians, Gauls, Goths, Vandals, 

 Franks, Danes, Angles and Norsemen. Their modern 

 descendants are the Scandinavians, Danes, some Russians, 

 North Germans and many inhabitants of the British 

 Isles. This type is characterized by great stature, fair 

 hair and blue eyes. Thus the Europeans to-day belong 

 to three distinct racial groups, the Mediterranean, the 

 Alpine, and the Nordic. 



Man in America. — The first important fact which 

 appears in connection with the study of man in America 

 is that all of the native tribes belong to one type. The 

 Eskimo and Aleut of Alaska, the various Indian tribes 

 of both North and South America, the Aztecs of Mexico, 

 the Mayas of Central America, and the Incas of Peru 



