GREEK BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 



are identical with one another, whilst others 

 resemble, and others are analogous to each 

 other." '' 



It was evident to Aristotle that the nutritive 

 and motor life or soul could not exist without 

 the body: " Plainly those principles whose 

 activity is bodily cannot exist without a body, 

 e.g., walking cannot exist without feet. For 

 the same reason they cannot enter from out- 

 side. . . ." But the final problem, — "a ques- 

 tion of the greatest difficulty," says Aristotle, 

 — is: " When and how and whence is a share 

 in reason acquired by those animals that partic- 

 ipate in this principle? " His answer is, that, 

 unlike the nutritive and motor life, the reason, 

 the rational soul, alone enters from without and 

 " alone is divine, for no bodily activity has any 

 connexion with the activity of reason." 



Modern biological psychology might not 

 agree. Yet Aristotle's psychology was biolog- 

 ical through and through. The soul with him 

 was life; and life in its plant and animal 

 activity was in and of the body and insepa- 

 rable from it, save that only reason, the h'gher 

 mind of man, was not of the body, but was 

 divine. We still ask, what is divine? What 

 is the body? What is reason? 



[72] 



