202 HOW NATURE STUDY SHOULD BE TAUGHT 



are needed, telling them just how, where and 

 what to get. 



5. Watch the markets, and make use of the 

 material they bring within range. 



6. Have pupils describe and name an object and 

 describe its parts, before you teach them its func- 

 tions, habits, etc. This is " the study of structure 

 before that of functions." 



7. Never tell pupils anything that reasonable 

 effort can lead them to learn for themselves. 

 They become " doers by doing." 



8. Commend all voluntary observations and in- 

 dividual studies on the part of a pupil. 



9. Do not make the lessons so elementary as to 

 make thinking unnecessary on the pupil's part, 

 and do not permit them to degenerate into mere 

 object lessons. 



10. If there is a good prescribed course avail- 

 able, follow it with care ; but if not, use any ma- 

 terial obtainable, remembering that the aim is 

 culture, not instruction. 



11. In order to teach yourself more about the 

 subject, do not hesitate to ask questions, by cor- 

 respondence or otherwise. Remember it is not 

 essential that the instructor should learn all his 



