STRANGLES. 47 



divide two or three clearly across, and introduce the tube, taking 

 care in doing so that the divided rings are not pressed into the 

 trachea. 



The tracheotomy tube must be tied around the animal's neck 

 and to the mane, in order to keep it steadily in position. 



There is no need for casting the horse for this operation ; if 

 it be quickly done, there is scarcely a necessity for the twitch, 

 as the poor animal is too ill to be very unruly. The tube 

 should be kept in until it is manifest that the animal is able 

 to breathe freely through the nostrils. This is ascertained by 

 putting the hand over the tube for a few minutes, when, if the 

 patient breathes naturally and without distress, it may be re- 

 moved, and the lips of the wound brought together by metallic 

 sutures. 



In a period varying from a day to a week after the first symp- 

 toms, the local manifestations of strangles are developed, and 

 until these are apparent, the disease is classified as laryngitis. 



The local lesions are generally much more severe than in 

 the first or even second form. The tumours are multiple, or 

 diffused over the sides of the face, nostrils, submaxillary space, 

 and parotidean region; suppurating at several points, and dis- 

 charging an unhealthy pus. Horses confined in ill-ventilated 

 stables suffer most commonly from this form, and if not removed 

 to a healthier situation, it is apt to degenerate into a hectic con- 

 dition, succeeded by pyaemia, or to terminate in glanders. 



The hectic condition is that in which the animal continues 

 to lose flesh very rapidly, to have a discharge from one or 

 both nostrils of a tenacious muco-purulent material. Abscesses 

 continue to be formed one after another on the face and. the 

 submaxillary space ; the patient becomes hide-bound, with a dry, 

 scurfy skin, and drawn up in the flank. The hair of the mane 

 and the tail is easily pulled out ; the pulse is soft, compressible, 

 feeble, and quick ; the legs, at first fine, begin to swell, and the 

 various serous cavities fill with serum, the patient becoming 

 affected with glanders and farcy, or it may die of exhaustion, 

 diarrhoea, excessive secretion of urine, loaded with hippurates 

 and oxalates, or of dropsy of the serous cavities. 



The treatment of this condition consists first in the removal 

 of the horse from an unhealthy to a healthy situation. He 

 should be kept in a box by himself, and have, in addition to 



