LITHOTOMY IN THE HORSE OR GELDIJJG. 629 



The after treatment of the case consists in washing out the 

 bladder with tepid water ; the approximation of the lips of the 

 wound by sutures ; allaying irritation and pain by opium ; and 

 keeping the bowels regular by gentle aperients. 



In some experiments which I conducted, the skin was drawn, 

 to one side before the incision was made ; this caused the wound 

 in the urethra to be subcutaneous. I found, however, that 

 although the urine did not escape through it very profusely, 

 there was a collection of it in the areolar tissue, which led to a 

 high degree of inflammation and purulent infiltration. 



LITHOTOMY IN THE OX. 



The introduction of the catheter is rendered impossible in this 

 animal, owing to the curve of the penis ; and hence the removal 

 of a calculus can only be accomplished by cutting on to the 

 urethra. Calculi are, however, most commonly found in the 

 urethra in these animals, and by following its course externally 

 it will be found distended and fluctuating until the obstruction 

 is reached. This has to be cut upon and removed, and, as 

 Professor Dick used to say, " speedy relief will be given." In 

 some cases in the ox it has been recommended to tap the 

 bladder through the rectum ; the necessity of this is very 

 doubtful, as it can always be reached by a perineal incision 

 and the introduction of a catheter through the opening thus 

 made. 



URETHRAL CALCULI 



Occur in sheep as well as in oxen, and give rise to symptoms of 

 great distress. The affected animals repeatedly attempt to 

 urinate, and like the ox, pant, grunt, are restless, alternately 

 lie down and rise, become listless, and if not relieved, die with 

 symptoms of abdominal pains and irritative fever. They should 

 be examined, and the calculi removed, as in the ox. 



PREPUTIAL CALCULI. 



When these calculi attain a sufficient size to produce stran- 

 gury, they cause inconvenience. They are sometimes true calculi 



