PLEUKO- PNEUMONIA. 1G3 



owing to the anatomical conformation of this bone and its 

 articulation with the true ribs, the chest is thus expanded. 



The breathing becomes painful, and is often accompanied by 

 a moan or grunt, emitted during each expiration, and the nostrils 

 are dilated ; but even these signs are not constant, many animals 

 with extensively consolidated lungs being but slightly distressed 

 in the breathing when left quiet ; but accelerated respirations 

 are easily induced by percussion applied to the sides, or by 

 compelling the animal to move. A discharge sometimes issues 

 from the eyes and nose, which is at first colourless, but often 

 becomes purulent and yellowish, but is seldom profuse. The 

 extremities, as well as the horns and ears, vary much in tem- 

 perature. Sometimes all are cold ; often, however, one ear and 

 one horn may be cold whilst the others are hot, and so on with 

 the extremities. The surface of the body becomes harsh and dry, 

 the skin appearing tightly bound to the subcutaneous structures, 

 and there is rapid loss of flesh. Constipation of the bowels 

 continues in many instances for a long period ; in others it is suc- 

 ceeded at an early stage by a diarrhoea, which, if not too persistent, 

 seems to have a salutary effect ; but if it assume the colliquative 

 cliaracter, the animal dies in from two to three weeks from the 

 first visible manifestation of the symptoms. 



The physical signs upon percussion are tenderness and some 

 amount of dulness, the dulness increasing in proportion to the 

 exudation and consolidation. If at the outset of the disease it 

 can be determined that both lungs are inflamed, the prognosis 

 in all cases is unfavourable ; but if, on the contrary, it can be 

 demonstrated that but one lung is affected (the right lung, 

 according to my experience, being more prone to suffer, but 

 sho-sving a greater tendency to recovery), there are some hopes 

 that the case may recover, for very frequently the morbid action 

 is confined to the side primarily attacked. 



Auscultation will detect friction and other sounds, which indi- 

 cate that the disease is not confined to the pleural surfaces; thuswe 

 have crepitations, both large and small, indicative of inflammation 

 of the lung connective tissue, with rhonchus and sibilus, denoting 

 bronchial disease. It is seldom, indeed, but that some sound or 

 other is detectable in all parts, except the lower portions, of the 

 chest ; the consolidation of the lung, extensive though it may 

 be, being insufficient to mask or hide the abnormal sounds 

 emitted by the lung tissue, pleura, or bronchial tubes. 



