244 CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 



These appearances, in addition to a weak or debilitated condi- 

 lion of the eye of the affected side, may be all the symptoms 

 present in a case of chronic glanders ; indeed in some instances 

 there may be nothing but the discharge from the nostril to lead 

 the practitioner to suspect anything wrong with the animal, and 

 the diagnosis is consequently very difficult, more particularly if 

 the case is a solitary one ; but where glanders is found to exist 

 in a stud of horses, any suspicious symptom becomes significant. 

 I have said nothing about the glanders-ulcer, because in many 

 instances of chronic glanders the ulcer is undiscoverable ; indeed 

 in some rare cases ulcers are never found either before or after 

 death. For this reason Percivall limited the term chronic to 

 that form in which no ulcers could be detected. He says, how- 

 ever, that they are always present in the frontal sinuses. 



Before describing the more common form of glanders — ^namely, 

 that in wdiich ulceration is a characteristic sign, and called by 

 Percivall " subacute glanders " — I shall call the reader's attention 

 to what may be termed a spurious form of glanders; that is to 

 say, a form of glanders wliere there is neither discharge from tlie 

 nose, ulceration of the Schneiderian membrane, nor enlargement 

 of the submaxillary glands ; but in which all these may become 

 apparent if the animal live long enough. This form may be 

 appropriately termed 'pulmonary glmulcrs, and the symptoms are 

 as follows : — The animal is languid, unthrifty, loses flesh, sweats 

 on the slightest exertion ; the visible mucous membranes are 

 pale ; diarrhoea is easily induced, and there are occasional attacks 

 of diabetes. There is a dry, dull, soft cough ; the appetite is 

 very capricious ; the hair is easily removed from the mane and 

 tail ; the legs are sometimes very fine, sometimes more or less 

 oedematous. The affected animal may remain in this unsatis- 

 factory condition for several weeks, or even months, and may 

 die from marasmus and debility without any other symptoms 

 becoming apparent, or all the signs of glanders and farcy may 

 very rapidly develop themselves, and carry it off" in a few 

 days. If a case of this kind occur in the horse first attacked in 

 a stud, or if in a horse where no others are kept, it is now 

 possible to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion as to the nature 

 of the malady by inoculating the animal with mallein, here- 

 after referred to. 



