GLANDERS AND FARCY. 245 



The jiost mortem examination of a horse wliicli lias presented 

 these symptoms prior to death will reveal the lungs studded 

 with nodules, varying in size from a pin's head to a pigeon's 

 622, or even larger. Some of these nodules will be found to 

 consist of an organised exudate — lymphoma— of a pearly grey 

 appearance, and rather hard ; others will contain pus enclosed 

 in sacs — vomicae ; whilst others will be found in a degenerated 

 condition, and presenting the appearance of rotten cheese, the 

 degraded material consisting either of inspissated pus or a 

 caseous metamorphosis of the exudate, in which the bacilli may 

 be discovered by microscopical examination. In many instances 

 the trachea is found studded with ulcers, and some of the deep- 

 seated lymphatic glands will be found enlarged, or in a sup- 

 purating condition. One remarkable pathological change which 

 I have seldom failed to observe either in this or any but the 

 most acute form of glanders, the splenic veins are filled with 

 thrombi ; the larger branches in particular being generally obli- 

 terated by hardened fibrinous coagula. 



Glanders, as most commonly met with in this country, pre- 

 sents the following signs : — The horse is generally more or less 

 off its feed, has a tendency to shiver on the slightest cold ; its 

 coat- is rough and unhealthy, "has lost the bloom of health ;" 

 it may or may not cough ; the appetite is capricious ; and 

 perspiration is induced by slight exertion. There is a dis- 

 charge of a starchy or gluey material from one or both nostrils ; 

 the discharge is often tinged with blood. In some instances 

 recurrent hsemorrhage from the nostril is a premonitory sign 

 of glanders. The mucous membranes are pale and unhealthy, 

 and that covering the nasal chamber, from which the discharge 

 issues, is studded over with deep, pit-like ulcers. The ulcers 

 are characteristic, being excavated, as if cut with a punch, but 

 after a time they become ragged at their edges, irregular, enlarged 

 in all directions, and confluent. The spaces between the ulcers 

 are covered with hard yellowish pimples, which soon ulcerate. 

 The eye of the affected side is weak,. and looks smaller than its 

 fellow, and an unhealthy discharge often issues from it over the 

 face. The submaxillary lymphatics of the same side enlarge 

 and form a tumour — sometimes single, sometimes lobulated — 

 which is more or less firmly adherent to the surrounding tissues. 



