ANTHRAX. 291 



by the nose ; the mouth is filled with a mucous foam, the 

 tongue is tumefied, and of a deep bluish-red colour (Glosso- 

 Antheax) ; tears, sometimes tinged with blood, flow from the 

 sunken and haggard eyes. The belly is sensitive when pressed 

 upon, tympanitic, and the excremental matters are often 

 liquid and mixed with blood clots ; the rectum is often 

 everted, appearing as a tumour, folded and livid; the tem- 

 perature of the skin is lowered ; the countenance is particularly 

 anxious, the face shrunken. The muscular force now becomes 

 exhausted ; the animal falls to the ground ; convulsions come 

 on, more particularly of the neck and extremities ; and finally 

 it succumbs, after a few moments of calmness, which, suc- 

 ceeding a paroxysm, always precedes death. The disease may 

 terminate in from six to fortv-eight hours after the manifestation 

 of the first symptoms. The ordinary time is from twelve to 

 twenty-four hours, unless external eruption eliminates the 

 morbid material from the body. 



In the spring of this year, 1884, a remarkable outbreak of 

 charbonous fever, presenting the salient symptoms of Loodiaua 

 disease, occurred in a large stud of cart-horses under the care of 

 Messrs. Leather, veterinary surgeons, Liverpool, and which had 

 been, for some time previously, fed on an Indian pea (Piswii 

 sativum), called in Liverpool Indian mutters. Mutur is the 

 Hindustani word for the common pea (Fisum sativum), but that 

 brought to Liverpool is different from the ordinary pea of this 

 country, and resembles a lentil more than a pea. It is imported 

 into Glasgow from India in large quantities, I believe, mostly as 

 ballast, and has, I am told, not only been given to horses, but 

 ground and mixed with various cakes for cattle, and with many 

 fatal consequences. 



However, in the outbreak at Liverpool, it appears that horses 

 commenced to die very suddenly some time after the owners 

 had commenced to use the mutters, and for several weeks after 

 they had discontinued to use them they still died. The symp- 

 toms were roaring, haemorrhage from the nose, great prostration, 

 swelling of the throat, succeeded in many cases by sudden 

 death. Other horses, however, lived a considerable period ; 

 but none recovered in which roaring had become pronounced. 



I saw them in March, and found two dead on my arrival — one 

 having only been dead a few hours; and from the blood of 

 which I obtained the bacilli shown in the drawinj;. 



