SWINE PLAGUE. . 319 



covered with false membranes. In severer cases, the greater part 

 of one lung and portions of the other may be thus changed, and 

 on the external surface there may exist smaller or greater ulcer- 

 ations. Except in very slight cases, there is generally a certain 

 amount of pleural exudation ; and in severer cases the pleura 

 contains a considerable quantity of a thick, offensive, yellowish or 

 discoloured exudation. In some severer cases the pericardium 

 is also inflamed, containing a large quantity of exudation, and its 

 walls being much thickened by false membranes. The same is 

 also the case with the peritoneum, this being in some cases 

 hypersemic in parts, or even covered with solid lymph and pus. 



The spleen and liver are, in severe cases, dark in colour, en- 

 larged, and the kidneys are sometimes changed, being hypersemic 

 and covered with petechia3, particularly in the pyramids and 

 underneath the capsule, which is easily stripped off. — (Klein.) 



In the Privy Council Order dated I7tli December 1878, 

 which is termed also the " Typhoid Fever of Swine Order, 1878," 

 it is laid down that tj^phoid fever of swine, otherwise called 

 soldier disease or red disease, shall be deemed to be a disease 

 (under the Contagious Diseases Animals Act, 1878) for the 

 purposes of slaughter and compensation, notice of disease. Orders 

 of Council, power of police, and power of entry ; and, also (under 

 the Animals Order, 1878), for the purposes of movement and 

 exposure, movement of dung, burial or destruction of carcases^ 

 and general provisions, as also for cleansing and disinfection ; but 

 this order has been very imperfectly carried out. 



Preventive inoculations have not been tested in this country, 

 but Billings (Nebraska) claims that he has successfully induced 

 immunity by inoculations with attenuated cultures, and Cornil 

 and Chauternesse are said to have succeeded (Freidberger and 

 Frohner) in attenuating the virus by subjecting the cultures to 

 air and heat 93° F. At the end of ninety days the virus no 

 longer kills, but gives immunity to the rabbit and guinea-pig. 

 This attenuation is transmissil:)le to a series of cultures, and 

 with these the following experiments were made. Four pigs 

 were successively inoculated subcutaneously at eight days' 

 interval, with a dose of two cubic centimetres of bouillon cul- 

 tures, which were ninety, seventy-four, fifty-four, and eight 

 days old, and finally with virulent virus. During tlie days 

 following the inoculations the animals showed only a slight 



