356 ENZOOTIC AND EPIZOOTIC DISEASES. 



occurs tlie horse's nose is " poked out," that is to say, the face is 

 elevated, and the respiratory passages placed as nearly in a straight 

 line as possible ; the eyes become prominent, the inspiratory 

 movement is performed with great difficulty, and accompanied 

 by a loud, roaring sound. No time should be lost in giving 

 relief to an animal in this state, and if hot fomentations and 

 steaming fail to give relief, tracheotomy must be performed. — 

 (See Principles and Practice of Veterinary Surgery, page 46.) 



Influenza is also occasionally complicated with disorder of the 

 liver, in which case the mucous membranes are more or less 

 tinged with yellow; the bowels are constipated, or irregularly 

 relaxed and torpid, the foeces are of a dirty clay colour, and fcetid ; 

 the urine is high-coloured; the appetite is almost lost; and in some 

 instances there are convulsive fits and comatose periods, which 

 cause much alarm. Professor Dick was of opinion that these 

 cerebral symptoms were due to the extension of the nasal inflam- 

 mation to the meninges of the brain, through the cribriform 

 plates of the ethmoid. They are, however, due to the presence 

 of biliary matters and products of degeneration of tissue in the 

 blood, and are to be overcome by elimination through the natural 

 channels. Some practitioners have termed this " bilious fever," 

 but there is no necessity for any distinguishing term, as it is due 

 to tumefaction of the lining membrane of the bile ducts prevent- 

 ing the free flow from the liver into the duodenum of bile, 

 which, accumulating in the liver, is absorbed into the circulation, 

 giving the visible mucous membranes the characteristic yellow, 

 jaundiced tinge. 



I have never found it necessary to administer any liver stimu- 

 lant in this complication. All that is necessary is to keep the 

 bowels regular by a mild aperient, such as a pint of linseed oil, 

 and allow the animal such food as it will partake of which 

 is of an easily digested and aperient nature. One condition 

 which often prevails in this form requires modification, as it is 

 apt to cause some degree of suffering, namely, an acid state 

 of the stomach. The acidity of the stomach is manifested by 

 grinding of the teeth, licking the walls, placing the tongue on 

 cold objects, with drivelling of a clear saliva from the mouth. 

 The bicarbonate of soda is very useful, giving speedy relief from 

 this annoying symptom. The medicine is to be given two or 

 three times a day, either dissolved in the drinking water, or as a 

 draurrht out of a bottle. 



