358 ENZOOTIC a:s;d epizootic diseases. 



2d. — epizootic cellulitis, or pink-eye. 



The term pink-eye seems to be an importation from America 

 — from one of the inconstant symptoms of the disease being 

 redness of one or both eyes, and swelling of the eyelids. 



Some suppose that it is a new disease, and that it first 

 appeared in America in 1872, the actual seat of its outbreak 

 being Toronto, Canada, where it appeared on October 1st, 1872 ; 

 in nine days it had attacked nearly all the horses in the city, 

 and carriages could not be had at any price. On 18th October 

 it had reached Montreal, and was prevalent throughout Canada. 

 On October 14th it had reached Buffalo ; 17th, Eochester ; 22d, 

 Boston, New York, Brooklyn, and Jersey City ; 27th, Phila- 

 delphia ; 28th, Washington ; and had been witnessed in Nova 

 Scotia as early as October 13th. 



It is characterised by great and sudden prostration of strength^ 

 elevation of temperature and other signs of fever, with pain in 

 and swelling of the extremities ; generally redness of the 

 conjunctivae, swelling of the eyelids ; and sometimes cranalgia ; 

 often colicky pains ; congestion of the lungs, and in some rare 

 instances an involvement of the brain and its membranes, 

 expressed by phrenzy or coma. 



The rate of mortality differs very widely, — from 1 to 35 per cent. 



In fatal cases death is due to congestion and gangrene of 

 the lungs, ante mortem, clots in the heart and great vessels, 

 enteritis, and extreme prostration of the system generally. 



CAUSES. — etiology. 



Some writers maintain that it arises from contagion only, 

 but there are many facts against this exclusive view. 1st. Its 

 sudden and simultaneous occurrence in various parts of a 

 district or city. For example, a place may be entirely free from 

 the disease one day, and upon the next outbreaks will occur in 

 many and widely separated spots in that place. 2d. Its 

 occurrence in isolated places where contact with diseased 

 animals is out of the question ; for example, the first appearance 

 of the disease in 1880 was at a farm in the Lothians at least 

 one mile and a half from a railway station, and during the spring, 

 when all the horses were kept at home ploughing. In a few days 

 it was in Edinburgh and in many centres ; but whilst I am con- 

 vinced that it occurs as a malarial disease, I am equally 



