EPIZOOTIC PNEUMONIA. 365 



placed within the animal's reach, so that he can satisfy his, 

 often inordinate, thirst night and day, and if greatly prostrate, 

 the patient should be placed in slings. Medicinally, salines and 

 other remedies recommended for the catarrhal form may be 

 administered in accordance with the phase of the disease. If 

 pain be prominent, the bromide of potassium has proved useful. 



?)d. — EPIZOOTIC PNEUMONIA, OR PLEURO-PNEUMONIA OF THE 

 HORSE — LOBAR-PNEUMONIA. 



Definition. — A croupous inflammation of the pleura and sub- 

 stance of the lungs, preceded and accompanied by a low typhoid 

 or adynamic form of fever, which lasts from seven to fourteen 

 days. It generally occurs but once in a season, but one attack 

 does not render an animal exempt from a second or third. It is 

 now considered an infectious disease, due to a micro-organism, 

 which is asserted by some writers to be the Diplococcus loneu- 

 monia of Frankel, identical with that found in the saliva of 

 certain persons, and which produces septicaemia in the rabbit. 

 Others state that it is a streptococcus. Galtier and Violet 

 describe two organisms— a streptococcus and diplococcus — whilst 

 Cadeac states there is only one micrococcus, often grouped in 

 pairs, sometimes in chains. The microbes of Galtier and Violet 

 do not stain with Gram, whilst all the others do. They are all 

 facultative anaerobes. 



For the last few years this form of epizootic has prevailed to 

 a very great extent both in the north and south of Britain. 

 Erroneously called " influenza," it has seemingly and for some 

 time taken the place of that affection, from which it differs very 

 materially. The true uncomplicated influenza is a disease of 

 the mucous structures : this affects the serous covering and sub- 

 stance of the lungs. 



In 1861-2, also in 1891 and 1894, this form of epizootic disease 

 became very prevalent in the north of England, where it raged 

 for many months, committing great havoc amongst horses of all 

 kinds, but particularly amongst those most exposed to the vicissi- 

 tudes of the climate. It has prevailed more or less ever since, 

 both in town and country, more particularly amongst young 

 horses and those removed from pastures into stables. The know- 

 l^xlge that nearly every newly purchased horse is liable to suffer 

 from this or some other form of epizootic disease, deters many 



