LUPiNOSis. 495 



p;reat secretion of Lile ; the gall bladder is very much distended 

 with bile, sometimes containing over a quart. Notwithstanding 

 this, there is an excess of bile passed in the stools, which are 

 dark, and contain large quantities of bile. 



" In the early stages the liver shows marked signs of parenchy- 

 matous degeneration, or cloudy swelling ; later on a fatty change 

 in the liver cells is very common. 



'■■ In the later stages of the disease, — that is to say, in animals 

 which have been ill two or three months, the liver alwaysshows 

 a marked condition of cirrhosis, and the liver cells have dis- 

 appeared, and are replaced by delicate fibrous tissue. . . . 

 There is a peculiar condition of the submucosa of the fourth 

 stomach, which is distended with a clear viscid fluid, so that 

 the folds are swollen out in round dropsical masses, the dis- 

 tention being due to the fluid. In some cases, when the cattle 

 have been ill for over a month, a number of ulcers are seen in 

 the stomach. In the sheep the changes are similar to the above ; 

 the alterations of the liver consist mainly in chronic interstitial 

 hepatitis, with hypertrophy of the connective tissue (see Cir- 

 rhosis of the Liver) congestion of the portal system, followed by 

 ascites, serous tumefaction of the spleen, and of the gastro- 

 intestinal mucous membrane." 



Symptoms. — In the Pictou disease, the symptoms, as described 

 by M'Eachran, are loss of condition, with diarrhoea at an early 

 stage, and the milk acquires a bitter taste and unpleasant 

 odour. This change in the milk is often the earliest symptom ; 

 there is a soft pulse ; a very prominent bulging of the eyes ; a 

 roughness of the coat. In about a week the abdomen begins to 

 sw^ell owing to the development of ascites, and if the animal 

 is killed in from one to three weeks from the commencement of 

 the symptoms, the ascites is abundant, the fluid amountinfr to 

 several bucketsful. With this ascites there is a disappearance 

 of the fat about the kidneys, so that the adipose tissues become 

 filled with a clear fluid, which apparently replaces the fat. In 

 some cases the temperature remains normal, although the pulse 

 is increased in rapidit3^ 



As described by Continental writers, the symptoms in sheep 

 are loss of appetite and elevation of temperature, which falls 

 considerably before death : this elevation is sometimes observed 

 on the day following the ingestion of toxic lupin. Symptoms of 



