496 SPORADIC DISEASES. 



jaundice generally, but not always, appear on the second, third, 

 fifth, or sixth day, and may come on suddenly, or slowly and 

 gradually, being first seen in the eye ; there is also weakness 

 and stupefaction, stiffness of gait, the recumbent posture being 

 generally maintained ; in some cases great excitement, grinding 

 of the teeth, spasmodic agitation of the jaws, and in some 

 instances true trismus from the third to the twenty-second day 

 after the attack. Constipation may be an early symptom, the 

 fieces coated with yellowish or pitchy-brown mucus mixed with 

 blood. Diarrhoea follows. Chronic lupinosis, said to be in- 

 duced by a prolonged use of moderately toxic plants, assumes 

 the form of antemia without the symptoms of jaundice. 



In the horse, induced by lupin seeds in the oats or litter, the 

 symptoms are those of gastro-enteritis, cerebral depression, 

 grinding of the teeth, head carried low, with uncertain and 

 staggering gait, elevation of temperature — 106° F. in some cases — 

 accelerated respiration, more or less marked jaundice, constipa- 

 tion, the fseces being covered with mucus and having a foetid 

 odour, diminished secretion but frequent emission of small 

 quantities of highly coloured urine. These symptoms continue 

 for about a week, and recovery is complete in about sixteen to 

 twenty-one days. Directions are given for the treatment of 

 lupinosis, which must be mainly preventive, there being no 

 specific antidote. When impossible to exclude the lupin, it is 

 recommended that it should be mixed with good food and given 

 preferably to old animals ; tliat the toxic fodder should be put 

 in small heaps and left exposed to the action of rain, which 

 washes the poison from the superficial layers, or to macerate the 

 toxic lupins for forty-eight hours in a solution of soda — 1 in 

 100 — renewing the liquid from time to time, or to subject the 

 lupins to the action of steam for at least two hours under the 

 pressure of at least two atmospheres. 



When the disease has manifested itself, it is recommended 

 that alkaline liquids should be avoided, as they dissolve the 

 toxine and increase the danger, and that some acid should be 

 added to the water in order to render the lupin and toxine in- 

 soluble, and the poison removed from the intestinal canal by 

 oleaginous purgatives. 



I have endeavoured to condense much of what has been 

 written on lupinosis for the benefit of students particularly, but 



