544 SPORADIC DISEASES. 



that when the end of the divided nerve is irritated, the imme- 

 diate result is dilatation of the pupil, with an immediate cooling 

 and blanching of the parts which were blood-shot and warm. 



Injuries to the cervical portions of the spinal cord are followed 

 by a remarkable elevation of the animal heat. In one case of 

 injury in a man where there was a forcible separation of the fifth 

 and sixth cervical vertebrae, with extravasation of blood into the 

 theca vertebralis and laceration of the lower part of the spinal 

 cord, although the breathing was performed by the diaphragm 

 only and very imperfectly, the pulse weak and countenance livid, 

 the thermometer indicated 111° F. — (Huxley, Brown Sequard, 

 Claude Bernard, Dr. Eatcliffe.) 



Such, then, are a few facts which serve as indications of the 

 seat of spinal lesions. 



In all cases of disease or injury to the cord the paralysis 

 occurs in the parts to which all the nerves originating 

 posteriorly to the seat of the lesion are distributed. If the 

 injury or disease be in the sacrum the tail alone is paralyzed ; 

 if in the lumbar region the hind legs are paralyzed ; and if the 

 disease or injury be very great the sphincters of the anus and 

 bladder may be paralyzed. If the injury be higher up, in addi- 

 tion to loss of voluntary power in the hind limbs, the abdominal 

 muscles will be paralyzed, and the expiratory movements per- 

 formed with difficulty. 



If the disease be low down in the cervical region, the muscles 

 of the fore limbs, as well as those of respiration, will be para- 

 lyzed, and both expiratory and inspiratory movements will be 

 difficult ; and if the injury be above the middle of the neck, or 

 anterior to the fourth pair of spinal nerves, death will at once 

 result from paralysis of the diaphragm, the serrati magni, scaleni, 

 intercostales, and other muscles of inspiration. 



Paralysis as seen in the lower animals may be divided into — 

 1st. Paraplegia; 2d. Hemiplegia; and od. Paralysis originating 

 in injury to a motor nerve, as paralysis of the lips, described 

 at page 496 of Principles and Practice of Veterinary Surgery. 



paraplegia. 



Or Paralysis affecting a portion of the hody transversely. — Of 

 this kind three forms are met with in veterinary practice, namely 



