INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 637 



purulent, and if excessive, indicates a condition of great 

 danger. In croupous pneumonia it is amber coloured, viscid, 

 but not abundant. 



It is agreed upon by all observers that a horse will not lie down 

 during the intensity of any chest disease. This is not a diagnostic 

 sign of any particular affection of the horse, as it will per- 

 sistently stand wliile suffering from many other maladies. 



The ox will lie on the sternum during all the stages of pul- 

 monary diseases. 



When the breathing is very rapid, the horse will stand with 

 the elbows turned outwards, and the toes turned inwards. If 

 great prostration succeeds, the position of the limbs is altered. 

 It will then stretch its feet apart ; the elbows will be turned 

 inwards, and it will balance the trunk upon the extremities. 



The pulse of pneumonia is very variable ; sometimes full, with 

 a degree of hardness ; sometimes full and soft ; at other times it 

 is small, irregular, intermittent, or double — the latter condition 

 marking a congestive condition of the pulmonary vessels and 

 right side of the heart and veins, as well as an anaemic state 

 of the arterial system. 



In ordinary pneumonia, running its course to a favourable ter- 

 mination,the period of consolidation, which is indicated by absence 

 of sound, or a small degree of tubular breathing, is succeeded by 

 the advent of secondary and larger crepitations, which increase 

 in number and intensity for two or three days, then, gradually 

 diminishing, are superseded by the normal respiratory sounds. 



To smn up, it may be stated that the diagnostic signs are those 

 revealed by auscultation and percussion. First of all, small 

 crepitations, indicating injection of the nutrient arteries and 

 dryness of the lung tissue ; secondly, tubular breathing, or 

 absence of sound, indicative of engorgement and consolidation ; 

 and thirdly, the reappearance of the crepitations, now of a 

 larger character, pointing out that the exudate is undergoing 

 metamorphosis, and becoming absorbed. 



The secondary crepitations are sometimes of a bubbling char- 

 acter, and if associated with sunken eyes, a wrinkled expression, 

 and feebleness of the pulse, indicate a condition of great gravity, 

 either of extensive suppuration or of moist gangrene. Both these 

 conditions may be associated with fo3tor of the breath, the latter 

 particularly being accompanied by a horrible odour. 



