DISEASES OF THE BOWELS. 691 



pulse sometimes slower, sometimes faster than natural, but 

 alwa3-s irregular ; gradual emaciation and death. The 2^^^^ 

 mortem appearances, a thickening of the submucous areolar 

 tissue, which presents a whitish and fibrous character, and being 

 united most intimately with the mucous and muscular coats, 

 which were both pale, thickened, and contained much trans- 

 lucent material. The whole mass was firm, and resisted the knife. 



Symptoms. — When colic is truly intestinal the symptoms are, 

 sudden pain, pawing, kicking at the belly, looking round at the 

 flanks, lying down, rolling, struggling in a variety of ways, or 

 lying outstretched ; then suddenly rising, shaking the body, and 

 remaining for a short period free from pain. After a short interval, 

 however, the symptoms return, sometimes in an aggravated, 

 occasionally in a modified form, and this occurs again and again, 

 until the animal is either relieved or dies from enteritis, pain, 

 and exhaustion. During the paroxysms of pain the breathing 

 is accelerated, sighing, or panting, the pulse is observed to rise 

 in frequency, and to become more or less full and hard ; during 

 the intervals of ease it may fall to its normal condition. At 

 the commencement of the attack there is generally a frequent 

 evacuation of small quantities of fasces, which are sometimes 

 hard, sometimes soft ; the urine is passed in small quantities, or 

 there are frequent but ineffectual attempts to micturate ; and if 

 an examination be made per orctum, the bladder will very 

 often be found full and distended, the urine being retained by a 

 firm contraction of its neck. In some instances, more especially 

 if the animal has been fed on moist grasses, potatoes, or unripe 

 corn, there is diarrhoea and escape of much foetid flatus. 



The seat of the spasm is sometimes in the small, often in the 

 large intestines ; the symptoms during life, however, do not 

 enable us to ascertain this with certainty. I have, however, 

 observed that pawing with the fore feet, frequently looking 

 round to the side, with very acute and sudden pains, point to 

 the small intestines as being the seat of the spasm. In some 

 instances there has been violent agony, a tendency to rear, and 

 to kick savagely with one hind foot, when the disease has been 

 confined to the small intestines, whilst a disposition to back or 

 press the hind quarters against a wall or other solid object is 

 almost a constant symptom of impaction of the colon. 



Flatulent colic, whether occurring primarily or subsequent 



