746 SPORADIC DISEASES. 



is found in the urine of the horse is the carbonate of lime, which 

 appears as a chalky sediment if the urine be kept in a vessel for 

 some hours. 



In the ox and sheep, when fed upon turnips and linseed cake, 

 the urine generally becomes highly charged with the phosphates, 

 which are very often spontaneously precipitated upon the 

 mucous membrane of the bladder, urethra, and the long hairs 

 surrounding the prepuce. I have some specimens in my posses- 

 sion of the ammonio-magnesian phosphate in the form of tubes 

 deposited upon the hairs surrounding the preputial opening. 

 The occurrence of phosphatic deposits in the lower animals 

 results from the food upon which they are kept being highly 

 charged with phosphatic salts. We consequently find that 

 when animals are fed upon turnips and other foods grown upon 

 land highly manured with dissolved bones and other phosphatic 

 preparations, that the urine becomes highly charged with these 

 materials, and that they are apt to be deposited in the form of 

 gravel upon the mucous membrane of the urinary passages, 

 more especially upon the occurrence of any cause of irritation, 

 such as a common cold or other catarrhal afiections. They 

 sometimes induce obstruction to the flow of urine if situated in 

 the urethra, or a suppression of its secretion, either by extension 

 of the irritation primarily excited in the urethra or bladder to 

 the kidneys, or when deposited in the pelves of the kidneys by 

 an inflammation of the glands. In order to overcome the 

 further deposition of this salt a change of diet is essential, and 

 to dissolve what is actually deposited, nitric acid in fifteen-drop 

 doses, largely diluted, may be administered three times a day. 



Pus or blood are occasionally met with in the urine, and 

 indicate irritation or inflammation of the urethra, bladder, or 

 kidneys. When from the urethra, bladder, or ureters, the 

 extravasated blood has no definite form, but if from the kidneys, 

 blood and lymph are moulded into the shape of the uriniferous 

 tubes. 



Albumen is recognised by its property of coagulating upon 

 the application of heat and of nitric acid. If the urine be alka- 

 line the albumen may not coagulate upon boiling, but if a few 

 drops of nitric acid be added it is immediately precipitated. 

 Sometimes, if the urine be boiled, a precipitate may be formed, 

 consisting of the phosphates ; these are dissolved by nitric acid. 



