824: PAEASITIC DISEASES, 



Professor Simouds states that a dry scaly state of the skin on 

 the inner parts of the thighs, particularly where it is uncovered 

 with either wool or hair, is early recognised, and that an ex- 

 amination of the eye will materially assist in determining the 

 question of disease. " If the lids are everted, the memhrana 

 niditans being pressed forward, it will be found that in the 

 early stages of the malady, and especially if the animal has been 

 excited by being driven a short distance, the vessels of the con- 

 junctiva are tinged with a pale or yellowish-coloured blood, and 

 that the whole part has a moist or watery appearance. Later 

 on the same vessels are blanched, and scarcely to be recognised, 

 excepting perhaps one or two, which present a similar watery 

 condition, or are turgid with dark-coloured blood." In some 

 cases these symptoms are complicated by others, induced by 

 strongyles in the air passages and alimentary canal. 



PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. 



The tissues of the body are generally wasted, flabby, pale or 

 yellow, and watery; there is an absence of the firmness and 

 colour of healthy mutton. The peritoneal cavity contains a more 

 or less abundant quantity of serum, which may be of a clear 

 straw colour, or more or less yellow, in which occasionally 

 fragments of lymph and false membranes are floating; the 

 digestive organs are remarkably blanched ; the liver is hard, 

 scirrhous, irregularly knotted on its surface and margins, and 

 sometimes united by false membranes to the surrounding organs. 

 In colour it is either a dirty chocolate brown, deeper in some 

 parts than others, or has a yellowish tint, intermixed with pale 

 yellow spots. Flukes are found in the bile ducts, which are 

 filled with a dark thick secretion ; on further examination the 

 ducts are found sacculated at various points, the distended por- 

 tions generally containing many flukes massed together. The 

 canal walls are much thickened in some places, and coated with 

 calcareous matter on their internal surface. Professor Simonds 

 mentions a case where a concretion was found as large as a 

 hen's egg, which, when broken up, was found to contain about 

 a dozen dead flukes. He also states that " the coats of the 

 ductus hcpaticus, as also of the ductus communis clwledicus, are not 

 nnfrequently so thick as to be upwards of ten times their normal 



