200 PARTICULAR LAMENESSES. 



quent to the sprain of the muscles. Sucli, however, is not the 

 case ; and it may be laid down as a fact that well-pronounced 

 atrophy occurs in the course of three weeks after a sound horse 

 has been put to work ; and in many instances it seems the altera- 

 tion has been due to an irritation, not amounting to inflamma- 

 tion, leading directly to mal-nutrition, without the occurrence of 

 swelling or exudation. 



When shoulder lameness arises from disease of the liver, it 

 occurs in the off side only, and is associated with loss of appetite 

 and yelloWness of the mucous membranes. 



Abscesses in the brachial or pre-scapular ganglia of the lym- 

 phatic glands may be the cause of lameness in the shoulder. 

 These glands are situated between the scapula and thoracic walls, 

 and are liable to become inflamed, primarily or secondarily, in 

 strangles, phlebitis and pyaemia caused by wounds upon the 

 limb, or even after neurotomy, causing great pain and lameness. 



Inflammation of these glands may be detected by swelling, 

 pain, and heat in front and below the point of the shoulder, in 

 the space existing between the sternum, scapula, and humerus. 

 The limb will be pushed outwards by the swelling, there will be 

 much fever, and the inflammation and suppuration are relieved 

 only by the opening of the abscess or abscesses, spontaneously 

 or surgically. 



The pus is very deep-seated, and it is necessary to open the 

 abscess in nearly every case of this kind, and to do it before 

 there are any signs of "pointing." In such cases, I always 

 explore with a " pin-director," and invariably find out where the 

 pus is situated. I then make a deep opening with a " Syme's 

 knife." 



ELBOW LAMENESS 



Occurs from disease of the joint, sprain of the lateral ligaments, 

 and from laceration of the triceps extensor brachii muscle. 



The internal lateral ligament may be sprained, or even 

 ruptured, by the animal's fore leg slipping outwards. The 

 triceps muscle is often injured in the manner already described 

 at page 132, and by the animal's fore feet slipping forwards. 

 These accidents commonly happen in frosty weather. Cattle 

 are also liable to these injuries, particularly to sprain of the 

 internal ligament. 



When the ligaments are sprained, or the triceps injured, the 



