440 SIMPLE TUMOURS. 



being hard enlargement of the belly, and some extent of 

 dropsy. 



In the horse lymphadenoma is generally found invading the 

 spleen and other abdominal organs — (see frontispiece, Veterinary 

 Medicine) — and is then difficult of diagnosis ; the more salient 

 signs being a wasting disease arising from no ostensible cause, 

 or perhaps succeeding some trifling ailment. There is capricious- 

 ness of appetite, stiffness of the back and loins, pallidity of the 

 mucous membranes, and loss of flesh. If there be no symptoms 

 beyond these, the practitioner is under a great disadvantage; 

 but if, in addition to the above, there be an appreciable increase 

 of the colourless blood corpuscles, the diagnosis becomes less 

 difficult, as leucocythemia — (not that it does not occur without 

 chronic spleen disease) — is, when associated with the above 

 symptoms, characteristic of this condition. 



Other cases in the horse, which have fallen under my notice, 

 have had well developed glandular growths about the throat 

 and subscapular glands, which, increasing in size, press upon 

 contiguous organs, and thus become a source of inconvenience 

 to the animal. 



In two horses that came under my notice, the glands of the 

 throat became so enlarged as to necessitate tracheotomy to 

 relieve the distressed breathing. In another the subscapular 

 glands were enormously enlarged — the growth being very rapid 

 in this instance. All of these became subject to intermittent 

 colicky pains, finally becoming emaciated, and, after the death, 

 had enormous growth in the spleen, clusters of smaller tumours 

 in the liver, kidneys, in the mesentery, and in the lungs. 



In some cases of farcy, lympho-sarcomatous growths are found 

 in the spleen and other organs. I think, however, that they are 

 mere coincidences, as the majority of farcied horses present 

 none of the growths, whilst the tumours exist independent of 

 equina poison. 



In some instances the development of the splenic tumours is 

 associated with an appreciable increase of the white blood cor- 

 puscles, ansemia, pallor of the mucous membranes, capriciousness 

 of the appetite, more or less rapid emaciation, stiffness of the 

 back and loins, hanging back the full length of the halter or 

 head-collar (in one case a continual curling and twitching of the 

 upper lips, and resting the teeth upon the edge of the manger), 



