DISEASES OF THE FACIAL SINUSES. 525 



affected, be examined post mortem, it will be found much 

 thickened throughout, but in some places more so than others ; 

 its structure will have a somewhat greasy appearance, and its 

 surface covered with a greyish-yellow, sticky fluid, which, if 

 examined by the microscope, wiU be found to contain large 

 irregular cells, granular matter, oily particles, and pus cells, the 

 latter not so abundant as from the appearance of the fluid 

 might have been expected. The meatuses may be nearly closed 

 by the thickened membrane, and the spaces between the folds 

 of the turbinated bones entirely obliterated ; and very often the 

 matter will have accumulated between these folds to such an 

 extent as to form a considerable enlargement, in fact, an abscess, 

 wliich on being opened will be found to contain a muco-purulent, 

 or a glairy, viscous fluid. 



" Cases of this kind have been often mistaken for glanders, 

 and horses destroyed in consequence. This would be an error 

 in diagnosis, of course, but a very unimportant one ; for although 

 the disease is not, as far as we know, contagious, nevertheless it 

 is incurable, and if the horse's health is impaired by bad keep 

 and exposure, there is a possibihty of its degenerating into 

 glanders. 



" I have met with another disease affecting the sinuses of the 

 face of the horse, dissimilar, however, to the one I have just 

 described. The symptoms which I have observed to accompany 

 this affection are dulness, the eye on the side affected is dim 

 and watery, and there is a slight intermittent discharge of thin 

 greyish matter from the nostril of the same side. The sub- 

 maxillary glands on this side may also be enlarged ; and if so 

 they will be hard and somewhat firmly attached to the periosteum 

 of the jaw-bone. 



" If the sinuses be trephined, as recommended in the previous 

 affection, for the purpose of ascertaining the nature of the malady, 

 instead of the bone being soft and much thickened, it wiU be 

 thicker than natural, and its density much increased. The 

 mucous lining will also be much thickened — in some places 

 more so than in others, — and it will have the character of a dense 

 fibrous membrane. The sinuses will contain more or less fluid 

 of a dark greyish colour, which, when examined, will be found 

 to contain large, irregular, round cells, much dehris of broken-up 

 cells, and some elongated, spindle-shaped cells, but no oily par- 

 ticles or pus ceUs." 



