$74 DISEASES OF THE HEAD, NECK, VEINS, ETC. 



here noted : — A mare, whilst being fastened to the carriage, ran 

 away ; the carriage was caught by a protruding wall, and she was 

 thrown with violence, the elbow and arm being lacerated exten- 

 sively. The wounds were treated with care. On the third day 

 the patient commenced to shiver ; the swelling increased to a 

 great extent, the leg down to the foot having the appearance of 

 a tense oedematous infiltration, the shoulder and neck rapidly 

 assuming the same condition ; the breathing became hurried, 

 the pulse rapid and feeble ; the appetite entirely left her ; and 

 from this time she rapidly sank, and died in two days. The 

 post mortem revealed tlie lungs in a state of excessive con- 

 gestion, and permeated almost throughout with commencing 

 suppuration ; the cavse, jugular, axillary, radial, brachial, 

 humeral, metacarpal, and even plantar veins of that side were 

 found inflamed throughout, their coats congested, thickened, 

 and surrounded by a semi-purulent fibrinous deposit, whilst 

 fibrinous clots were found within them. The elbow, knee, and 

 fetlock joints were highly inflamed, and contained much 

 unhealthy synovia. The onset of phlebitis is characterised by 

 a fit of rigor, succeeded by great constitutional disturbance and 

 the symptoms already mentioned. 



TimOMBUS. 



Occasionally after the operation of "bleeding there is extravasa- 

 tion of blood into the areolar tissue surrounding the puncture, 

 including considerable swelling of the parts ; this is called a 

 thrombus, and is caused by the operator drawing the skin too 

 far out whilst introducing the pin ; by the opening in the skin 

 being too small to allow the free escape of the blood, or by the 

 vein being loosely attached to the surrounding parts, and roUing 

 during the operation. However, no bad consequences follow if 

 the opening be closed, a cold wet sponge held to the part for a 

 short time, and the animal's head tied to the rack. 



VARICOSE VEINS 



Are not frequently seen in the lower animals. Occasionally 

 the jugular presents a varicose dilatation after it has been bled 

 from, as if its coats had been weakened at the part by the 



