a site where interspecific competition is 

 limited due to harsh site conditions. 

 According to Hansen-Bristow et blI. (1989) , 

 the five factors of soil formation limited by 

 climate, biological activity, and coarse- 

 textured geologic parent materials interact 

 to produce minimally developed soils that are 

 often low in plant-available water-holding 

 capacity and nutrients in whitebark pine 

 ecosystems. Haplopappus macronema may be 

 restricted to these areas due to inherent low 

 competitive ability, paired with the ability 

 to tolerate the site conditions. 



b. HERBIVORY: The forage value of H. macronema 

 as reported by foresters and stockmen is low 

 (Hall 1928) . 



H. LAND OWNERSHIP 



1. Beaverhead National Forest, Dillon and Wise River 

 Ranger Districts. 



II. ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 



A. THREATS TO CURRENTLY KNOWN POPULATIONS 



1. GRAZING: According to Hall (1928) , even in areas 

 where sheep have been grazed, plants show little 

 evidence of browsing. 



2. MINING: None currently known. 



3. TIMBER HARVESTING: This species appears to be 

 restricted to subalpine areas, and co-occurs with 

 a non-timber species Pinus albicaulis (whitebark 

 pine) . Timber harvest is probably not a threat 

 unless the site is affected indirectly by road 

 building into adjacent areas with salable timber. 



4. WEED CONTROL ACTIVITIES: The Storm Peak (001) 

 site is remote, and is likely not to be affected 

 by roadside weed control activities. 



B. MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND RESPONSE: None known. 



C. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MAINTAINING VIABLE POPULATIONS: 

 There are currently no observed threats to the 

 population of H. macronema at Storm Peak (001) . 

 However, since this does represent the only population 

 currently known from Montana, any management activities 

 proposed for the area should take this population into 



