embody] the horned DACE 173 



(See figures in Mr. Alee's article on the smallest crustaceans 

 p. 105, Vol. 9, No. 4, of the Nature-Study Review). Many 

 of the young continue to feed near the surface but others investi- 

 gate the bottom and the surface of submerged rocks and stones 

 where in the slimy covering they find both vegetable and animal 

 food similar to that already mentioned. Upon this material 

 chubs continue to feed in no small degree even when they are 

 adults of three years or more. But ordinarily as they become 

 larger they seek larger food and we find in their stomachs such organ- 

 isms as filamentous algae, insects both terrestrial and aquatic includ- 

 ing the water-boatman, May-flies, caddis- worms, stone-flies, small 

 crayfishes, occasionally aquatic snails of the smaller kinds and not 

 infrequently other fishes. The writer once placed some young 

 trout slightly over an inch long in a small artificial pond which, 

 unknown to him contained a few chubs possibly averaging four 

 inches in length. The trout were devoured right before his eyes, 

 and time proved that not one of them escaped. 



CHUBS IN THE SCHOOL AQUARIUM 



Chubs are easily kept alive in the school aquarium where 

 they will become fairly tame in a few days. A battery jar of one 

 gallon capacity will accommodate two or three small ones not 

 more than one and one-half or two inches long, and if a few stalks 

 of water plants such as Elodea, Myriophyllum or Ceratophyllum 

 are made to grow in the aquarium change of water will not be 

 necessary. The rectangular aquarium is always better than any 

 other type because it provides greater space for swimming and a 

 greater surface area exposed to the air for absorption of oxygen. 

 Such an aquarium of five gallons capacity and well supplied with 

 vegetation should suffice for four or five chubs three inches long. 

 Whatever type of aquarium is used, it should be kept covered to 

 prevent the fishes from jumping out. 



In feeding chubs one should be guided by their natural food. 

 We have seen that in a stream it feeds largely upon animal matter 

 and to a slight extent upon vegetation. Its diet should also be 

 varied when it is living under artificial conditions. The writer has 

 been successful in using bread or cracker crumbs as the vegetable 

 part of the diet feeding once every third or fourth day and then 

 only an amount which will be entirely consumed by the fish. 

 Mealworms, earthworms, sowbugs, house-flies, shreds of lean 



