JOYCE] SCHOOL GARDENING IN PORTLAND, OREGON 281 



interest in plant life, by health giving, out-door work promote 

 physical and mental development, stimtilate efforts to increase 

 savings accounts, encourage gallantry by the assistance of smaller 

 and weaker pupils. 



It was noticed that the desire to excel was not manifested by 

 the individual alone, but in class loyalty to the school. 



In literature, many poems and selections relating to nature may 

 be studied and memorized. The subjects for composition are 

 without limit. 



The teacher may develop many lessons of faith by encouraging 

 the child while the plants are growing. The lessons of mathe- 

 matics become real problems through actual measurements and 

 calculations. The real lessons of life may be taught through con- 

 crete teaching. 



The individual is recognized when permitted to work out a self- 

 made plan. 



The pupils are taught that social adjustment is an essential to 

 life, that their education consists not only of thoughts as presented 

 by others, but they will have learned that to lessen the numbers of 

 the poor, sick and inefficient, and to teach the inefficient to be 

 happy, healthy and successful are the greatest lessons of life.* 



Some Experiments for the Garden 



J. W. Emery, B.A., B.Paed. 



Normal School, Stratford, Ont. 



The subjects of nature-study and gardening were placed on the 

 curriculum of the public schools of Ontario about ten years ago, 

 and shortty afterwards elementary biology became compulsory in 

 the high schools for those taking the course for teachers' certifi- 

 cates. It was expected at that time, that, in an agricultural 

 province such as this, the project would be eagerly welcomed and 

 that a few years would see the garden established as an indispensa- 

 ble part of the equipment of every rural school. Progress here, 

 however, as in other places has been slow up-to-date, only about 

 200 schools possess gardens receiving grants from the Department, 



*Read at the annual meeting of the National ^School Garden Association, Salt Lake, July 

 II. 1913. 



