294 NATURE-STUDY REVIEW [10:8— Nov., 1914 



3. What sort of a stem has it, round or broad? Is it erect or 

 does it trail upon the ground? Has it many branches or is it a 

 single stem? Is it hairy, woolly, or spiny? 



4. Does the seed vessel hold many or few seeds and how and 

 where does it set the seeds free? Have the seeds or seed vessels 

 any hooks or wings or plumes by which they may be carried away 

 from the parent plant? 



5. Do any of the birds feed upon these seeds? Does any 

 animal eat them? 



6. How many seed vessels were there on the plant and how 

 many seeds in each ? (Count the seeds in one or two and take this 

 as an average.) How many seeds does this individual plant pro- 

 duce ? 



7. Look in Gray's Botany and see whether the weed is native 

 to America or introduced from abroad. 



Following this outline may be illustrations of seed capsules or of 

 the plant itself if the pupil likes to draw. Seed collections made 

 in this way naturally would not be so large but would be of great- 

 er value from every point of view; and if prizes or premiums for 

 such collections are offered, at least half the points in judging 

 should be given to the essay and half to the collection. 



Preparation of Teachers for Nature-Study and Civic 



Biology* 



Clifton F. Hodge 



Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 



All things considered, progress in the teaching of elementary 

 public school biology has been phenomenal in the last ten years. 

 Millions of boys and girls are now alive and awake to the study of 

 birds and insects, gardens and soils, flowers, trees, weeds, com, cot- 

 ton and tomatoes, who would have been dead or asleep to all these 

 interests under the old regime of ten years ago. Under the law of 

 momentum and acceleration, progress in the next ten years is 

 bound to be even better. The field is as infinite as Nature and 



*In reply to a request for an article C. F. Hodge wrote: "I enclose an 

 address delivered before the Wisconsin Teachers Association two years ago. 

 I do not feel that I could write anything new that would help the present situa- 

 tion more effectively." The editor is sure readers of the Review will be glad 

 to read it. The address was printed in the Pedagogical Seminary but is worth 

 reprinting here. — Editor. 



