trafton] outline OF NATURE-STUDY 159 



Eighth Grade 

 Central Thought for the Grade: the Sanitation and Science of Community 



Life 

 Fall 

 I. Insects That Threaten Health. 

 Fly and mosquito. 

 Problems — 



What harm is done by each of these insects? 

 What are the remedies to be used in each case? 

 Which is the more dangerous insect in Mankato? 

 Thru what changes does each pass in its development? 



II. Insects in Relation to Growing Crops. 



1. Insect foes. 



A. Insect enemies of the vegetable garden. 



B. Insect enemies of the orchard. 



C. Insect enemies of cereal crops. 



D. Insect enemies of shade trees. 



E. Means of control; poisons used, their solubility. 

 Problems — 



What harm is done by each of these groups of insects? 



What are the remedies? 



How do the various remedies used differ in their method of operation? 



2. Insect friends. 



1. Those that destroy injurious insects. 



A. Parasitic insects. 



B. Predaceous insects. 



2. Insects that pollinate flowers. 

 Problems — 



In what ways is each group of insects beneficial? 



How do parasitic insects differ from predaceous in their method of 



destroying insects? 

 Which is greater the good or harm that insects do? 



III. Plant Enemies of Crops. 



1. Weeds; of vacant lots, of roadsides, of crops; harm done, identifi- 



cation, control, state laws. 



2. Fungous diseases. 

 Problems — 



In what ways are weeds harmful? 



What are the most common weeds found growing by roadsides and 

 in vacant lots? 



How may each of these weeds be identified? 



What characteristics do weeds possess that make them so trouble- 

 some? 



What adaptations do weeds have for the dispersal of their seeds? 



How many seeds may a single plant produce? 



What are the best means to use to control weeds? 



In what ways may fungi injure plants? 



