140 NATURE-STUDY REVIEW [14:4— April, 1918 



In the Sucking-fish or Remora the dorsal fin has been curiously 

 modified into an elliptical sucking-plate on top of the head and 

 fore part of the body. It lends to the head of this fish a very 

 peculiar profile, well seen in either Echeneis naucrates or the 

 Remora brachyptera of a related genus. Often these head append- 

 ages are very simple, as we find them in the Catfishes ; or they may 

 be more numerous and elaborate, such as they occur in the 

 grotesque-appearing Sea Ravens of the Atlantic Coast of America 

 (Hemitriplerus americanus, Fig. 17). 



Examples of where these appendages may be of actual use 

 are to be observed in a large number of those most extraordinary 

 of all fishes, the small, deep-sea ones, which often live one or two 

 miles below the surface of the ocean. Thousands of forms occupy 

 that region of which we have as yet no knowledge whatever. 



The late distinguished naturalist of Norway, Prof. Robert 

 Collett, described one of the most marvelous of these deep-sea 

 fishes, and my own illustration of it may be found in the Century 

 Dictionary. It has been named Linophryne lucifer, and was 

 collected off Maderia in 1007. One of its popular names is the 

 Torch-fish, for the reason that it bears upon its snout a little 

 electric torch, while back of its chin there is to be found a flexible, 

 whip-like little appendage, with a feathery, free end to it. This 

 by the aid of the aforesaid light, is used to attract small fishes, 

 and when these unwittingly swim about the entrance of the great 

 mouth and jaws of this species, he darts forward and seizes as 

 many as he can of them for his meal. 



Another good example of this is the so-called "Blind Angler" 

 (Mancalius shufeldti), originally described by the late Dr. Theo. N. 

 Gill, and named genetically Typhlosaras shufeldti, he supposing 

 that the fish possessed no eyes. These organs were subsequently 

 discovered, however, by Mr. Todd, who figured the only specimen 

 of this fish at present known (Fig. 21). 



Many Sharks and not a few of their allies possess very remark- 

 able physiognomies. In them the snout is produced forwards, 

 and the mouth is upon the under side, often far back as in the Cat 

 Shark, a deep-sea species known to science as Scylliorhinus 

 profundorum (Fig. 1). 



Chimera affinis (Fig. 3), a species three feet long and related 

 to C. monstrosa, occurs in the deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean. 

 Its head on profile might remind one of any of the fabulous beings 



