154 NATURE-STUDY REVIEW [14:4— April, 1918 



chance affords. Near the shore there are fewer enemies, and better 

 chances of obtaining nourishment. Dragonfly larvae, beetles, even 

 young trout feed upon the very tiny baby salmon now. The 

 salmon themselves feed on spawn of snails, shellfish, gnats, and 

 other small insects. As they become larger they in turn feed upon 

 the dragonfly larvae, the trout and the beetles. When about three 

 inches in length, they are known as "parr." When the young pan- 

 have attained a still greater size, they are termed " smelt." These 

 smelt seem to feel dissatisfied with their surroundings, and begin to 

 float downstream, perhaps in company with adult salmon that 

 have spawned. The smelts at any rate pass down the river and 

 finally enter the ocean. The salt water seems to make them 

 extremely hungry, and they soon become entirely accustomed to 

 their new surroundings. They live quite far down in the water, 

 but probably at no great distance from the river mouths. When 

 about three months old, weighing about five pounds, the young 

 salmon are known as "grilce." A salmon becomes an adult in 

 about three years. Although year-old grilce do enter the rivers to 

 spawn, most of the runs consist of the adult fish. 



There are five varieties of the Pacific salmon, the blueback, the 

 dog salmon, the silver, the humpback, and the quinnat or king 

 salmon. Of these, the king salmon, called also the chinook, is the 

 most valuable. The salmon canneries on the Pacific Coast thrive 

 enormously, and canned salmon is well known everywhere. ' ' In 

 mid ocean, the great American canned salmon is often the best and 

 only fish afloat. In the jungles of the Far East, in the frontier 

 bazaar of the enterprising Chinese trader, it 'bobs up serenely' to 

 greet and cheer the lonesome white man who is far from home and 

 meat markets. Even in the wilds of Borneo its name is known and 

 repeated, and he who goes beyond the last empty salmon-tin, truly 

 goes beyond the pale of civilization. The diffusion of knowledge 

 among men is not much greater than the diffusion of canned salmon 

 and the farther Americans travel from home, the more they rejoice 

 that it follows the flag." 



There are also Atlantic salmon, not so often heard of nor of so 

 much value commercially. Of these Atlantic salmon, the Ouaniche 

 is perhaps best known. These are truly fresh -water fish at the 

 present time, and are often termed 'land-locked salmon.' They 

 are perhaps the gamiest of any fish of the tribe of salmon. Van 

 Dyke speaks of them thus: "But the prince of the pool was the 



