50 NATURE-STUDY REVIEW . [16:2— Feb., 1920 



calipers you measure the greatest width of the head from side to 

 side, this will be found to be but seventy-five percent or less of the 

 greatest length of the head from front to back. Looked at full at 

 front, the face is readily seen to be high and narrow, and its sides 

 approximately parallel. Seen from the side the head is long from 

 front to back. Where this shape of head is excessively developed 

 it is sometimes scornfully called "hatchet-faced." 



This type of body prevails in Northern Europe. It is mixed 

 with other blood in Norway and Sweden, is often found fairly pure 

 in North Russia, Lithuania, Ukrainia, North Germany, England, 

 Scotland, and Northern France. From this region tongues of 

 conquerors of this group have gone into Middle Europe and here 

 and there have crossed the Alps. 



In our own country we find these people settled across the north- 

 em part of the United States, stretching from the New England 

 "Yankee," to the Dakotan immigrant from Scandanavia. The 

 middle West has many examples, and occasional members will be 

 found in any school of considerable size. To this group our stu- 

 dents owe blue eyes, light hair (including red) and tall stature, 

 whether they are found pure or admixed with other qualities 

 belonging to another of the three strains. 



The second great ingredient in our composition is the Alpine. 

 The people of this group occupy a central wedge-shaped strip 

 across Europe, usually in the highlands. This wedge is broadest 

 in Russia and the Balkans, runs across Austro-Hungary and South 

 Germany and ends in a point in France. 



The people of this section are purest in the Eastern end, where 

 they are dark complected, have dark brown, rather straight hair 

 and brown eyes. In the Western End the complexion is lighter 

 and the hair is of a lighter brown while the eyes often are blue or 

 grey. These people are always of medium stature and of rather 

 chunky build. Their heads are "round," being more than eighty 

 per cent, as wide as they are long. Looked at full in front, the 

 face is rather square. Seen from the side the head looks short 

 from front to back. 



In this country this type is most commonly found amongst the 

 people who are lighter and of German descent, or of the Polish, 

 Hungarian, or Balkan peoples, who are distinctly darker. 



The third ingredient, only beginning to be very common in 

 America, is the Mediterranean. These people are short of stature 



