FORMATION OF WORDS. 15 



h. Nonns of this form are sometimes employed to express contempt ; as, eiiia- 

 kenia li iwo, tlwu art a contemptible person ; oLirikobiri, a trifling woman. 



c. When tlie reduplicated noun begins with ' i,' it is converted after the particle 

 into 'u' (§ 16, 3) ; thus, from isiq, service^ we have isiqkusiq, superstition. 



d. Observe that the vowel following 'k' invariably has a strong accent, as, 

 eniake'nia. 



, 2. Li, to have, when inserted in a reduplicated noun, implies ownership in refer- 

 ence to a .third pereon ; as, omolomo, another persoiUs child : e. g. &mk omolomo, roe 

 must not whip anotlier person! s cliild (lit. omo olomo, tlie child of tlie cJiild-otvner'). 



3. Ri, ever, only ; as, ^yer^ye, ever living (from ^ye, the state of heing alive) ; 

 medi:ired^i, only two (from med^i and ed^i, two). 



4. De, to ; as, owodowo, tradition (lit. owo de owo, hand to Imnd). x\ti, from, 

 is sometimes prefixed to nouns of this form ; as, atiraqdiraq, genealogy (lit. ati iraq 

 de iraq, from generatimi to generation). 



5. lyi (perhaps i. q. eyi, this) makes a noun emphatic ; as, ekuru-iyekuru, the 

 dnst, this dust, i. e. the very dust. 



Nouns formed hy Composition. 



§ 57. Two nouns are occasionally compounded together, the qualifying term or 



possessoi' being placed last, which is the reverse of the English order ; as, omo ohii), 



a follower, a disciple (from omo, a cliild or servant, and ehiq, tlie haclc) ; odzii ona 



(eye road), a gate ; oluso dgutaq (toatclier sheep), a shepherd ; ile tubu (liouse 



prisoti), a jail. 



§ 58. A whole phrase is frequently united to form a noun ; as, afibikpore, an 

 ungrateftd person (from a, lie, % put, ibi, evU, kpe, to call, dre, good) ; agabagcbe, 

 a dovUe-dealer, a hypocrite (from a, he, guq, clhnbs, aba, tlie crib or lam, guq, 

 climbs, ebe, the yamdiiU). 



§ 59. Many nouns in 'a' are compounded with verbs to form new abstract 

 nouns ; as, asdM, escape (from asd, a running, and \k, to he safe) ; afetdq, perfect 

 love (from afe love, and tdq, to be completed) ; ased:iu, excess, as to conduct (from 

 ase a doing, an action, and dzu, to surpass). 



§ 60. Adverbs also are attached to this class of nouns in the same manner ; as, 

 akpedz;o, a congregation (from akpe, a calling, and d^o, together) ; agbesoke, a 

 lifting up (from agbe, a lifting, and soke, up) : e. g. gbe e li agbes6ke, lift it as 

 to a lifting tip, for gbe e soke, lift it up. 



§ 61. To exhibit the various regular methods of forming nouns and verbs from 

 a verbal root, we subjoin the following list of words regularly derived from g^q, 

 to despise : 



1. Nouns formed by attaching a single prefix to the root or by reduplicating It : 

 ag^q, one wlio despises or tolw is despised; tlie state of being despised, contempt ; 



tlie act of despising. 

 ig^q, tlie act of despising ; a despise^\ 

 oqgj^q, a despiser. 



atigiiq, a desprising ; as an infinitive, to despise, to he despised. 

 gig^q, a despising, that whieh is despised; as an infiniti\'p, to desjyise or be 

 despised. 



