b ORTHOGRAPHY. 



takes place, the accent is thrown on ths first syllable ; as, iyuskiq, to rejoice in, 

 wiyuskiq, to rejoice; amdeza, c/ear, wamdeza ; amdosa, the red-winged black-bird, 

 wamdosa. 



5. When ' wo ' is prefixed to adjectives and verbs forming of them abstract nouns, 

 the accent is placed on the first syllable ; as, pida, glad, wopida, gladness ; waoq- 

 ^ida, merciful, wowaoqsida, mercy ; ihaqgya, to destroy, woihaqgye, a destroying. 



6. So also when the first syllable of a word is dropped or merged into a pro- 

 nominal prefix, the accent is removed to the first syllable ; as, kiksiiya, to remember, 

 miksuya, remember me. 



CHAPTER IV. 



CHANGES OF LETTERS. 



Commutation. 



§ 6, 1. 'A' or 'aij' final in verbs, adjectives, and some adverbs, is changed to 

 ' e,' when followed by auxiliary verbs, or by certain conjunctions or adverbs. Thus, 



a. When an uncontracted verb in the singular number ending with ' a ' or ' aq ' 

 precedes another verb, as the infinitive mood or participle, the ' a ' or ' aq ' becomes 

 ' e ;' as, ya, to go, ye kiya, to cause to go ; niwaq, to swim, niwe kiya, to cause to 

 swim ; niwe uq, he is swimming. 



b. ' A ' or ' aq ' final in verbs, when they take the sign of the future tense or the 

 negative adverb immediately after, and when followed by some conjunctions, is 

 changed into ' e ;' as, yuke kta, there will be some ; mde kte sni, / will not go. 



To this there are a number of exceptions. Ba, to blame, and da, to ask or beg, are not changed. Some 

 of the Mdewakai)toi)\vai)s say ta kta for te kta, he will die. The Sisitoqwaqs say tii) kta. Ohnaka, to 

 place any thing in, is not changed ; as, " minape kiq takudai) ohnaka sni wauri," / have nothing in my 

 hand. Ipuza, to be thirsty, remains the same ; as, ipuza kta ; "tuwe ipuza kighaij," etc., " let him that 

 is athirst coined'' Yuha, to lift, carry, in distinction from yuha, to have, possess, is not changed ; as, 

 mduha sni, / cannot lift it. 



c. Verbs and adjectives singular ending in ' a' or ' aq,' when the connexion of the 

 members of the sentence is close, always change it into ' e ;' as, ksape <^a waste, 

 wise and good ; waqmdake (Ja wakute, / saw and I shot it. 



d. 'A' and 'aq' final become 'e' before the adverb 'liiqcia' and the particle 

 ' do ;' as, side hiqda, very bad ; waste kte do, it will be good. Some adverbs follow 

 this rule ; as, taqye tiq, very well ; which is sometimes contracted into taqyeh. 



But ' a ' or ' ar) ' final is always retained before tuka, uqkar), uqkags, e^ta, ita, kes, and perhaps some 

 others. 



2. a. Substantives ending in ' a ' sometimes change it to ' e ' when a possessive 

 pronoun is prefixed ; as, suqka, dog ; mitasuqke, my dog ; nitasuqke, thy dog ; 

 tasuqke, his dog. 



b. So, on the other hand, ' e ' final is changed to ' a,' in forming some proper 

 names ; as, Ptaqsiqta, the name given to the south end of Lake Traverse, from 

 ptaq and siqte. 



