PART SECOND, 



ETYMOLOGY. 

 WORDS AND THEIR INFLECTIONS. 



CHAPTER I. 



PRONOUNS. 



§ 12. Dakota pronouns may be classed as personal (simple and compound), 

 interrogative, relative, and demonstrative pronouns, together with the definite and 

 indefinite pronouns or articles. 



PERSONAL PRONOUNS. 



§ 13. To personal pronouns belong person, number, and case. 



1. There are three persons, the first, second, and third. 



2. There are three numbers, the singular, dual, and plural. The dual is only of 

 the first person ; it includes the person speaking and the person spoken to, and has 

 the form of the first person plural, but without the termination ' pi.' 



3. Pronouns have three cases, nominative, objective, and possessive. 



§ 14. The simple pronouns may be divided into separate and incorporated ; i. e. 

 those which form separate words, and those which are prefixed to or inserted into 

 verbs, adjectives, and nouns. 



Separate. 



§ 15. 1. a. The separate pronouns are. Sing., mi^, /, ni^, thou, \h, he. The Plural 

 of these forms is designated by employing ' uqki6 ' for the first person, ' ni6 ' for the 

 second, and ' is ' for the third, and adding ' pi ' at the end of the last principal word 

 in the phrase. Dual, uqki^, (/ and thou) we two. 



h. Another set of separate pronouns, of perhaps more frequent occurrence, are. 

 Sing., miye, I, niye, thmi, iye, he. The Plural of these forms is denoted by 'uqkiye' 

 for the first person, ' niye ' for the second, and ' iye' for the third, and adding ' pi ' 

 at the end either of the pronoun itself or of the last principal word in the phrase. 

 Dual, uqkiye, (/ and thou) we two. 



2. These pronouns are used for the sake of emphasis, that is to say, they are 

 employed as emphatic repetitions of the subjective or objective pronoun contained 

 in the verb ; as, mis wakaga, (/ I-made) I made ; miye mayakaga, (me me-thou- 

 madest) thou madest me. Both sets of pronouns are used as emphatic repetitions of 



B 



