10 ETYMOLOey. 



the subject, but the repetition of the object is generally confined to the second set. 

 It would seem in fact that the first set may originally have been subjective, and the 

 second objective forms. 



3. Mi6 miye, / myself; nis niye, thou thyself; \h, iye, he himself; uqkis uqkiyepi, 

 we ourselves, etc., are emphatic expressions which frequently occur, meaning that it 

 concerns the person or persons alone, and not any one else. 



§ 16. 1. The possessive separate pronouns are. Sing., mitawa, my or mine, nitawa, 

 thy or thine, tawa, his ; Dual, uqkitawa, (mine and thine) ours ; Plur., uqkitawapi, 

 our or ours, nitawapi, your or yours, tawapi, their or theirs : as, wowapi mitawa, my 

 book ; he mitawa, that is mine. 



2. The separate pronouns of the second set are also used as emphatic repetitions 

 with these ; as, miye mitawa, (me mine) my own ; niye nitawa, thy own ; iye tawa, 

 his own ; uqkiye uqkitawapi, our own. 



Incorporated. 



§ 17. The incorporated pronouns are used to denote the subject or object of an 

 action, or the possessor of a thing. 



Nominative. 



§ 18. 1. The nominative pronouns, or those which denote the subject of the 

 action, are. Sing., wa, /, ya, thou ; Dual, uq, (/ and thou) we two ; Plur. uq-pi, we, 

 ya-pi, ye. The plur. term. ' pi ' is attached to the end of the verb. 



2. a. These pronouns are most frequently used with active verbs ; as, wakaga, 

 I make ; yakaga, thou makest ; uqkagapi, we make. 



b. They are also used with a few neuter and adjective verbs. The neuter verbs 

 are such as, ti, to dwell, wati, I dwell ; itoq^ni, to tell a lie, iwatoq^ni, I tell a lie. 

 The adjective verbs with which ' wa' and 'ya ' are used are very few ; as, waoqsida, 

 merciful, waoqsiwada, / am merciful; duzahai), swift, waduzahax), lam swift of 

 foot ; ksapa, wise, yaksapa, thou art wise. 



3. When the verb commences with a vowel, the ' uq ' of the dual and plural, if 

 prefixed, becomes ' uqk ;' as, itoqsni, to tell a lie, uqkitoqsni, we two tell a lie ; au, 

 to bring, uqkaupi, we bring. 



4. When the prepositions ' ki,' to, and ' ki6i,' for, occur in verbs, instead of 

 ' waki ' and ' yaki,' we have ' we ' and ' ye ' (§ 7. 2.) ; as, kidaga, to make to 

 one, wedaga, I make to; ki(ii6aga, to make for, ye6i6aga, thou makest for, ye6i6agapi, 

 you make for one. Kiksuya, to remember, also follows this rule ; as, weksuya, I 

 remember. 



5. In verbs commencing with 'yu ' and 'ya,' the first and second persons plural are 

 formed by changing the 'y' into 'md' and 'd;' as, ynwa^te, to make good, mAny/Sihie, 

 I make good, duwaste, thou makest good, duwastepi, you make good ; yawa, to read, 

 mdawa, / read, dawa, thou readest. In like manner we have iyotaqka, to sit down, 

 imdotaqka, / sit down, idotaqka, thou sittest down. 



6. The third person of verbs and verbal adjectives has no incorporated pro- 

 noun. 



