PREPOSITIONS. 39 



CHAPTER VI. 



PREPOSITIONS. 

 § 88. Prepositions may be divided into separate and incorporated. 



Separate Prepositions. 



§ 89. The separate prepositions in Dakota follow the nouns which they govern, 

 and hence might properly be called postpositions ; as, 6ar) akan nawaiiir), {wood 

 upon I-stand) I stand upon wood ; he maza oq kagapi, (that iron of is-made) that is 

 made of iron. The following are the principal separate prepositions ; viz. : 



ahna, with etkiya, towards om, with 



skaa, on or upon Gin, at or], of ox from, with, for 



ako, beyond kahda, by, near to opta, through 



ehna, amongst kici, with saijpa, beyond 



e\i.iK, at, to vcvahen, within isci)\\ai\, from 



en, in ohna, in yata, at. 



etarjhai), from ohomni, around 



Incorporated Prepositions. 



§ 90. These are suffixed to nouns, prefixed to or inserted into verbs, and prefixed 

 to adverbs, etc. 



§ 91. The prepositions suffixed to nouns are ' ta,' and ' ata ' or ' yata,' at or on ; 

 as, tiqta, prairie, tiqtata, at or on the prairie ; maga, a field, magata, at the field ; 

 6ai], wood or woods, 6aqyata, at the woods. The preposition en, in, contracted, is 

 suffixed to a few nouns ; as, ti, a house, tin, in the house. These formations may in 

 some cases be regarded as adverbs ; as, he, a hill or ridge, heyata, at the hill or 

 back from. 



§ 92. The prepositions ' a,' ' e,' ' i,' ' o,' instead of being suffixed to the noun, are 

 prefixed to the verb. 



1. a. The preposition ' a,' ofi or upon, is probably a contraction of ' akan,' and is 

 prefixed to a very large number of verbs ; as, mani, to walk, amani, to walk on, 

 6ar)kaga amawani, / walk on a log. 



b. The preposition ' e,' to or at, is probably from ' ekta,' and is prefixed to some 

 verbs ; as, yuhpa, to lay down any thing one is carrying, eyuhpa, to lay down at a place. 



c. The preposition ' i ' prefixed to verbs means with, for, on account of ; as, 

 cekiya, to pray, i6ekiya, to pray for a thing. 



d. The preposition ' o,' in, is a contraction of ' ohna,' and is found in a large 

 class of verbs ; as, hnaka, to place or lay down, ohnaka, to place a thing in some- 

 thing else. 



2. The prepositions which are either prefixed to or inserted into verbs, in the 

 pronouns' place, are ' ki ' and ' kidi.' 



a. ' Ki,' as a preposition incorporated in verbs, means to or for, as, kaga, to make 

 ki6aga, to make to one ; huwe ya, to go to bring any thing, kihuwe ya, to go to bring 

 a thing ybr one. 



