42 SYNTAX. , 



mawani, / walk. Pahta, to hind or tie, also inserts the pronouns after the first 

 syllable. 



e. Verbs that insert or prefix thd prepositions ' ki ' and ' ki6i,' take the pronouns 

 immediately before the prepositions. See § 40. 5. a. b. 



f. Active verbs formed from other verbs, adjectives, or nouns, by adding the 

 causative ' kiya ' or ' ya,' take the pronouns immediately before the causative ; as, 

 waqyagkiya, to cause to see, waqyagmakiya, he causes me to see ; samkiya, to blacken, 

 samwakiya, / blacken ; 6aqtekiya, to love, daqtewakiya, / love any one. 



g. The compound personal and reflexive pronouns (§ 24) occupy the same place 

 in verbs as do the ordinary incorporated pronouns : as, wastedaka, to love, wastewa- 

 daka, / love any thing, wastemi(^idaka, / love myself. 



2. Position in Adjectives. 



§ 99. 1. a. The pronouns are prefixed to what maybe called adjective verbs and 

 adjectives; as, yazaq, to be sick, taq6aq mayazag, (body me-sick) my body is sick ; 

 waste, good, niwaste, {thee-good) thou art good. 



b. The pronouns ' ma,' ' ni,' and ' uq ' are prefixed to the simple numerals ; as, 

 mawaq^idar), / am one ; ninogpapi, you are two ; uqyamnipi, we are three. 



2. a. But if the adjective verb has assumed the absolute form by prefixing ' wa,' 

 or if it commences with a vowel, the pronouns are inserted ; as, wayazaqka, to be 

 sick, wamayazaqka, / am sick ; asni, to get well, amasni, / have recovered. 



b. Waoqsida and wa6aqtkiya, and perhaps some others, which we are accus- 

 tomed to call adjectives, insert the pronouns ; as, waoqsiwada, I am merciful. 



3. Position in Nouns. 



§ 100. 1. a. The possessive pronouns are always prefixed to the noun. See 

 §§ 21. 22. 23. 



6. When a noun and pronoun are joined together, with the substantive verb 

 understood, the incorporated pronoun is prefixed to some nouns, and inserted in 

 others ; as, nisuqka, (thee-dog) thou art a dog ; wini6a^ta, (thee-man) thou art a 

 man ; Damakota, (me-Dakota) I am a Dakota. 



In some nouns the pronoun may be placed either after the first or second syllable, according to the 

 taste of the speaker; as, wicahiijc'a, an old man, wimac'ahiijca or wicamahiijda, I am an old man. 



c. When a noun is used with an adjective or adjective verb, and a pronoun is 

 required, it may be prefixed either to the noun or to the adjective ; as, nape masuta, 

 (hand me-hard) or minape suta, (my-hand hard) my hand is hard. 



2. In nouns compounded of a noun and adjective, the place of the pronoun is 

 between them ; as, Isaqtaqka, (knife-big) an American, Isaqmataqka, / am an 

 American. 



4. Position with respect to each other. 



§ 101. 1, When one personal pronoun is the subject and another the object of the 

 same verb, the first person, whether nominative or objective, is placed before the 



