44 SYNTAX. 



Plural Termination. 



§ 104. When the separate pronouns are used with verbs or adjectives, the plural 

 termination is attached to the last word. 



a. When the pronoun stands first, it is attached to the verb or adjective ; as, 

 uqkiye e6oi)kupi, we did it ; niye yakagapi, you made it ; niye niwastepi, you are 

 good. 



b. When the pronoun stands last, it is attached also to the pronoun ; as, tona 

 waog^idipi kiq hena niyepi, (as-many merciful the those you) you are they who are 

 merciful. 



Agreement of Pronouns. 



§ 105. Personal pronouns, and the relative and interrogative tuwe, who, refer only 

 to animate objects, and agree in person with their antecedents, which are either 

 expressed or understood ; as, he tuwe, who is that ? de miye, this is I ; he Dawid 

 tawa, that is David's ; he miye mitawa, that is mine ; he tuwe tawa, whose is that ? 



Omission of Pronouns. 



§ 106. The third person, being the form of expression which most commonly 

 occurs, is seldom distinguished by the use of pronouns. 



1. a. There is no incorporated pronoun of the third person either singular or 

 plural, except ' wi6a' and 'ta.' See §§ 18. 6, 19. 4, 23. 1. 



h. The separate pronoun ' iye ' of the third person, and its plural ' iyepi,' are 

 frequently used in the nominative and sometimes in the objective case. 



2. But ordinarily, and always, except in the above cases, no pronoun of the third 

 person is used in Dakota ; as, ^iyo waq kute ka o, {grouse a shot and killed) he 

 shot a grouse and killed it ; suktaijka kii) yuzapi ka kaska hdepi, (horse the caught 

 and tied placed) they caught the horse and tied him. 



Repetition of Pronouns. 



§ 107. 1. In the case of verbs connected by conjunctions, the incorporated 

 subjective pronouns of the first and second persons must be repeated, as in other 

 languages, in each verb ; as, wahi, ka waqmdake, ^a ohiwaya, / came, and I saw, 

 and I conquered. 



2. a. ' Wi6a ' and other objective incorporated pronouns follow the same rule ; as, 

 tataqka kiq waqwidamdake ^a widawakte, (huffalo the, them-I-saw, and them-I-killed) 

 I saw the buffalo and killed them. 



b. So too in adjective verbs ; as, oqnisike ^a ni^ihtiq, (thee-poor and thee-feeble) 

 thou art poor and feeble. 



3. Two or more nouns connected by conjunctions require the possessive pronoun 

 to be used with each ; as, nitasuqke ka nitamazakaq, thy-dog and thy-gun. 



DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 



§ 108. Demonstrative pronouns may generally be used in Dakota wherever they 

 would be required in English. 



