48 SYNTAX. 



§ 122. Nouns of multitude commonly require verbs in the plural number ; as, 

 oyate he6oqpi, the people did that. 



§ 123. The verb ' yukai) ' is often used in its singular form with a plural mean- 

 ing ; as, w^akiyedaq ota ynkaq, there are many pigeons, 



§ 124. The verb ' yeya,' and its derivatives 'iyeya,' ' hiyeya,' etc., have rarely 

 a plural termination though used with a plural subject ; as, wi<5ota hen hiyeya, many 

 persons are there. 



Dual. 



§ 125. 1. The dual is used only as the subject of the verb and to denote the 

 person speaking and the person spoken to. It has the same form as the plural 

 pronoun of the first person, excepting that it does not take the termination ' pi.' 



2. Hence, as this pronoun is, in meaning, a combination of the first and second 

 persons, it can be used only with an object of the third person, except when, the 

 agent and patient being the same persons, it assumes the reflexive form (§ 24.) ; as, 

 wasteuqdaka, we two (meaning thou and /) love him ; wastewi6ur)daka, we two love 

 them. See § 42. 1. 



Government of Verbs. 



§ 126. Active transitive verbs govern the objective case ; as, makaska, (me 

 binds) he binds me ; wi6asta wag waqmdaka, {nian a I-saw) I saw a man. 

 § 127. Active verbs may govern two objectives. 



1. A verb may govern two direct objects or so-called accusatives. When an 

 action on a part of the person is spoken of, the whole person is represented by an 

 incorporated pronoun, and the part by a noun in apposition with the pronoun ; as, 

 nape mayaduza, {hand me-thou-iakest) thou takest me by the hand, or thou takest my 

 hand. Compare the French, ' me prendre la main.'' 



2. A verb may govern a direct object or accusative and an indirect object 

 answering to a dative. 



a. When one of the objects is a pronoun, it must be attached to the verb ; as, 

 wowapi kiq he mayaku kta, (book the that me-thou-give wilt) thou wilt give me that 

 book. 



b. But when both the objects are nouns, the indirect is usually placed before the 

 direct object ; as, Hepaq wowapi yaku kta, (Hepan book thou-give wilt) thou wilt 

 give Hepan a book ; Hepi taspaqtaqka wan hiyukiya wo, {Hepi apple a toss) toss 

 Hepi an apple. 



§ 128. Transitive verbs with the prepositions ' a' or ' o ' prefixed may govern two 

 objectives, and even three when two of them refer to the same person or thing ; as, 

 ^ina kiq anidahpapi, (blanket the on-thee-laid) they covered thee with a blanket ; mini 

 pa amakastaq, (water head on-me-poured) he poured water on my head. 



§ 129. Intransitive verbs, with the prepositions ' a ' or ' o ' prefixed, govern an 

 objective case ; as, mani, to walk, 6aqku kiq omani, (road the in-walks) he walks in 

 the road; hai), to stand, maka kiq awahaq, (earth the on-I-stand) I stand on the 

 earth. 



