VERBS. 49- 



FORMS. 



Possessive Form. 



§ 130. This form of the verb is used whenever possession or property is 

 indicated, and is very important in the Dakota language. For the ways in which 

 the possessive form is made, see § 40. 4. 



The use of this form of the verb does not necessarily exclude the possessive pronoun, but renders it 

 superfluous ; as, nape yahduiaia, (hand thou-washest-thine-own) thou dost wash thy hands ; ninape 

 yahduiaia is also correct. The occurrence of the possessive pronoun does not render the possessive form 

 of the verb the less necessary. 



MOODS. 



Imperative, 



§ 131. 1. In prohibitions the imperative mood is often indicated by the adverb 

 ' ihnuhaq ' placed before the verb, with ' kiq ' or ' kiqhai],' ' 6iq ' or ' diqhaq,' follow- 

 ing : as, ihnuhai) hedanoq kiij, do not do that ; ihnuhar) wi6ayadapi kiqhai), do not 

 believe it. This is a stronger form than the common imperative. 



2. When two verbs in the imperative mood are connected by conjunctions, 

 the first is used without the sign ; as, owiqia kiq ehdaku \a. mani wo, take up thy 

 bed and walk. 



Infinitive. 



§ 132. 1. Verbs in the infinitive mood immediately precede those by which they 

 are governed ; as, 6aq kakse yahi, {wood to-cut thou-hast-come) thou hast come to 

 cut wood ; he e6oq 6isipi, / told you to do that. 



2. The use of the infinitive mood in Dakota is limited, the finite verb being 

 often used where the infinitive would be in English ; as, mda wa6iq, {I-go I-desire) 

 I desire to go. 



3. The infinitive mood cannot be used as a noun, as it sometimes is in 

 English ; that is, it cannot have any thing predicated of it, as in the phrases, " to 

 see the sun is pleasant," " to walk is fatiguing." In such cases verbal nouns or 

 gerunds are used ; as, wi waqyakapi kiq he oiyokipi, {sun seeing the that pleasant^ 

 the seeing of the sun is pleasant. 



Subjunctive. 



§ 133. What may be called the subjunctive mood is formed by the aid of con- 

 junctions which follow the verb. (See § 43.) 



1. a. Kiqhaq and its derivatives, (Siqhaq, kinahaq, and 6inahai], usually refer to 

 fixture time, future events only being considered as uncertain and contingent ; as, 

 yahi kiqhaq mde kta, if thou come, I will go. 



But ' kiijhai) ' does not always render the sense subjunctive, it being sometimes used as an adverb of 

 time, especially when preceded by tohan ; as, tohan yahi kighaij mde kta, when thou contest, I will go. 



6 



