VERBS. ^ 



2. When necessary the adverb dehan, now-, or hinahiq, yet, is used to indicate 

 present timej as, dehan tiyata yagka, he is now at the house ; hinahiq den ui), he is 

 here yet. 



3. The aorist is used in general propositions, which apply equally to present, 

 past, and future ; as, si6e6a waskuye6a wastedapi, children love fruit. 



§ 139. 1. The predominant use of the aorist is to denote past time, it being 

 always used in the narration of past events ; as, e6amoq, I have done it ; he du^taq, 

 thou hast finished that. 



2. a. By the help of the adverb waijna, now, the aorist expresses perfect or 

 finished time ; as, waqna yustaqpi, they have now finished it ; waqna o6i6iyaka, / 

 have now told thee. 



b. In a narrative of past events, ' waqna ' together with the aorist makes what is 

 called the pluperfect tense ; as, waqna yustaqpi hehan wai, they had finished it when 

 I arrived. 



3. The aorist used with tuka, hut, expresses what is sometimes called the imper- 

 fect tense ; as, hen wauq tuka, {there I-was but am not now) / was there. 



§ 140. Before nsi6e6si, perhaps, the aorist tense is sometimes used for theyw/Mre; 

 as, he6oq ma^ipi kiqhaq, e6amoq na6e6a, if they tell me to do that, I shall probably 

 do it. 



Future Tense. 



§ 141. 1. The sign of the future tense is usually ' kta.' It may be used with 

 verbs, adjectives, nouns, or pronouns ; as, mani kta, he will walk ; he wa^te kta, 

 that will be good; he tiqta kta, that will be prairie ; he miye kta, that will be I. 



2. The future tense is often used in narrating past events respecting something 

 that was future at the time mentioned ; as, waqna upi kta hehan wai, they were 

 about to come when I arrived there. 



3. The future tense is used to denote that a thing would have taken place if 

 something had not prevented. In this case it is commonly followed by 'tuka,' 

 whether the reason is stated or not ; as, wau kta tuka, / would have come ; upi kta 

 tuka wi6awakisi6a, they would have come but I forbade them. 



4. The future tense with the adverb 'hiq6a,' is used to indicate a desire, purpose, 

 or determination to do a thing ; as, mde kte hiq6a, (J-go will very) I want to go ; 

 e6oq kte liiq6a e6oq, {do will very did) he did it because he wished to do it, or he did 

 it intentionally. 



5. The future tense is often used where the infinitive mood would be in English ; 

 as, wau kta owakitpani, {I-come shall, I-unable) I am unable to come ; teyapi kta 

 akitapi, they sought to kill him. 



6. The future tense is sometimes used for the aorist, as in German, when there 

 is uncertainty about the thing spoken of; as, tinwi6akte kiq hee kta, {murderer 

 the that-be will) that is the murderer, the idea being, that he will be found to be the 

 murderer. 



7. When two verbs in the fiiture tense are connected by a conjunction, the first 

 may be either with or without the sign ; as, nihiqni6iyapi kta ^a ya6eyapi kta, or 

 nihiqni6iyapi ^a ya6eyapi kta, you will be troubled and weep. 



