72 VEGETATION OF THE PEAK DISTRICT [CH. 



1. Marshy places. In marshy places, which occur in 

 the ash woods by stream sides, at the bottoms of some of 

 the streamless dales, and in places where springs arise, such 

 moisture-loving plants as the following occur, in addition to 

 such indigenous trees as the ash, the alder, and the crack 

 willow : 



Trollius europaeus (local) Valeriana officinalis 



Caltha palustris Petasites ovatus 



Spiraea Ulmaria Cnicus heterophyllus 



Geum rivale Phragmites communis 



G. rivale x urbanum Phalaris arundinacea 



Epilobium hirsutum Scirpus compressus (rare) 



Myosotis palustris Sparganium ramosum 



Mentha aquatica Orchis maculata 



2. Damp places. Other parts of the ash woods although 

 not really marshy, are nearly always, very moist; and such 

 places, like similar ones in the oak woods, have a rich and 

 varied ground flora. The trees are here usually well grown; 

 and the wych elm is frequently abundant (see figure 10). 

 Sheets of wood-garlic (Allium ursinum) and of the lesser celan- 

 dine (Ranunculus Ficaria) are characteristic. The following is 

 a selected list of the ground species of such parts of the ash 

 woods : 



Nephrodium Filix-mas V. dioica (local) 



Lychnis dioica Campanula latifolia (local) 



Anemone nemorosa Cnicus palustris 



Ranunculus Ficaria C. heterophyllus (local) 



Trollius europaeus (local) Deschampsia caespitosa 



Aquilegia vulgaris (local) Bromus ramosus 



Fragaria vesca Triticum caninum (local) 



Geum rivale Hordeum europaeum 

 G. rivale x urbanum ( = H. sylvaticum) (local) 



Oxalis Acetosella Carex sylvatica 



Polemonium coeruleum (local) Arum maculatum 



Myosotis sylvatica Allium ursinum 



Lamium Galeobdolon Orchis maculata 



Asperula odorata Habenaria virescens 

 Valeriana officinalis ( = H. chloroleuca) (local) 



3. Dry places. On soils which are drier than the pre- 

 ceding, and which, during the summer months, may in fact 

 become temporarily very dry, expanses of dog's mercury (Mer- 

 curialis perennis) often occur ; and this plant is here frequently 

 associated with the tiny moschatel (Adoxa Moschatellina). At 



