VII] MOORLAND ASSOCIATIONS 183 



Locally abundant 



Pteris aquilina Erica cinerea 



Empetrum nigrum Galium saxatile 



Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi Deschampsia flexuosa 



Occasional or rare 



Betula pubescens Pyrus Aucuparia 



Quercus sessiliflora Crataegus Oxyacantha 



Rumex Acetosella ( = C. monogyna) 



Very rare or extinct 



"Andreaea alpina" "A. petrophila" 



"A. crassinervia " 



TRANSITIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HEATHER MOOR 

 AND BILBERRY MOOR 



The areas that are intermediate between heather moor and 

 bilberry moor are shown on the map by dotting the red colour 

 used for heaths over the purple colour used for bilberry. Such 

 areas are usually rocky and peaty, like all the grounds charac- 

 terized by stable bilberry moors ; but they occur, as a rule, at 

 rather lower altitudes than the latter. 



COTTON-GRASS MOORS 



Cotton-grass moors occur on the gently sloping plateaux at 

 elevations varying, as a rule, from about 1200 feet (363 m.) to 

 2000 feet (610 m.). These moors are locally termed " mosses " ; 

 and the place-name "moss," meaning a morass, is by far the 

 most abundant place-name on the Pennine summits. Smith 

 and Moss (1903 : 380) and others have therefore used the name 

 "moss moor," reminding one of the German " moosmoor/' for 

 this plant association. The place-name "moss," originally of 

 physiographical significance, has provided the local plant-name 

 for the chief constituent of the moor whose dominant plant 

 (Eriophorum vaginatum) is well known to the inhabitants of 

 the moor-edges as "moss-crops." 



The peat of the cotton-grass moors is frequently ten to 



