STRIFi:!) GRUNT. 



NOTES ON THE PUBLIC AQUARIUMS OF 



EUROPE. 

 By C. H. TOWNSEND. 



IN accordance with instructions received from the Executive 

 Committee of the New York Zoological Society I visited 

 the larger public aquariums of Europe for the purpose of study- 

 ing their methods, especially those relating to the storage and 

 circulation of salt water, and the exhibition of collections. I 

 left The Hague on July 12th, where I had been in the service 

 of the State Department in connection with the arbitration of 

 whaling and sealing claims against Russia. A month was spent 

 in visiting the public aquariums at Amsterdam, Berlin, Naples, 

 Paris, Brighton, and Plymouth. Most of these aquariums have 

 been in existence for many years, and all are more or less sat- 

 isfactory in their results, although controlled and operated in 

 different ways. The aquariums at Naples and Plymouth are 

 adjuncts to biological stations controlled by scientific bodies, 

 while the aquarium at Paris is controlled by the municipality 

 and is to some extent a fish-cultural station. The aquarium at 

 Amsterdam is an adjunct to the Zoological Garden ; those of 

 Berlin and Brighton are managed by private companies. 



The Naples and Plymouth aquariums exhibit salt-water col- 

 lections only. Amsterdam, Berlin, and Brighton have both fresh- 



