236 -\'l-\\' VORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



appears to be fixed in l)i)tli the summer and winter ])elage. as 

 the marking-s were found on the skins of goats killed Ijoth in 

 Julv and Xovember. Re])orts of g'oat with these characters are 

 widespread along the upper Columbia l\iver. so that it would 

 seem as tliough toward the southern limit of its range, a color 

 variation were just beginning to appear. In addition lo its uni- 

 formly white color, Oreaumos differs from the serow in the i)romi- 

 nence of its eye sockets, in the elongated shape of the nuizzde 

 and face, in the i)osition and shape of the horns and more par- 

 ticularly in the cannon bones, which are exceptionally short and 

 stout. In this latter respect OrciDinios departs widely from all 

 the other members of the Rupicapriiuc. The most striking char- 

 acter however, of Orcamnos, is the presence, situated in a half 

 circle immediatelv behind each horn, c>f a large, black scent- 

 gland, as large as half an orange. This gland is sometimes so 

 tough as to wear deeply into the base of the horn. .\ horn 

 worn away in this manner was secured by the writer in liritish 

 Columbia. 



The comparatively short duration of time since the appearance 

 of Oreamnos in .\merica and the somewhat uniform character 

 of its habitat. ])robabl\' accoimt for the al)sence of much type 

 variation. 



TYPES OI-' ()RI-:A,\rXO?.. 



The first specimens i;>f the niotmtain goat to be ile>cribed. came 

 from the Cascade .Mountains on the C'olumbia River in ( )regon 

 and of course now stand as the l\pe of Orcamnos iiioiilaiius, hav- 

 ing l)een first described b\ I\ahnes(|ue in iSi". This subspecies is 

 intermediate in size Ijetween the eastern form of American goat, 

 Ojii.iiiissoiihc, and the large Canadian O.ui.coliiinbiainis, and, is 

 characterized by a short l)ut broad skull. The true Orcauiuos 

 montanus extends froui about the Canadian l)oundar}-, south 

 through Wasliinglon into Oregon. In the '70's a considerable 

 number were found on Mt. Ranier in Washington, and they still 

 occur on Mt. Baker to the northward. It is absent, however, 

 from the Olympic Mountains, from Vancouver Island and from 

 the southern Cascarles in Oregon. Nothing is known of the 

 nr)rthern limits of this subspecies, but it j)robabl\- does not extend 

 very far into British Columbia, merging at thai i)oint into C )./;/. 

 coluuibiamis. The most southerly r)rcgon reeordx that tlu' writer 

 has been able to o1)tain is Mt. Jeft'erson in that ."^tate, latitude 

 44^ 40' north, in approximatelv the saiue latitude as the Sawtooth 

 Mountains in Idaho. 



