134 NEW YORK ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



from the record of which I will partially quote : — "Carcass has the 

 appearance of general anaemia and marasmus. Extreme pallor 

 and bloodlessness of the various mucosas with areas of congestion 

 and marked infiltration and thickening. The villi are enlarged to 

 several times their normal size. On the small intestine, especially, 

 the ilium mucosa are deep red haemorrhagic spots, in which the 

 worms, in greater or lesser numbers, are found attached by their 

 mouths to the mucosa. The whole muscular system is anaemic, 

 soft and flabby. The blood is lacking in its rich, healthy, deep red 

 color, and hydraemic, with a deficiency of red globules. GEdema 

 and softening of the lymph glands of the mesentery is a marked 

 feature." 



This parasite has been very prevalent during the last year or 

 two among dogs kept in kennels in New York City and the im- 

 mediate vicinity. Unlike the genus Ascaris, which subsists by 

 absorption of the host's intestinal contents, this parasite exists 

 by extracting its nourishment directly from the host's blood, by 

 attaching itself to the mucous membrane by hook-like spikes with 

 which it is provided. 



In these animals it gives rise to a fatal anaemia, known as "ma- 

 lignant enzootic anaemia." It is interesting to note that this para- 

 site, or one closely allied, Dochmius duodenale, is the recognized 

 cause of the disease in man known as "Egyptian chlorosis." 



Dr. Brooks has kindly given me two specimens of Dochmius 

 duodenale, for comparison. These were obtained from the in- 

 testine of a Puerto Rican. On microscopical examination, I was 

 unable to note any characteristic differences between it and the 

 parasite of the fox and coyote. 



Owing to the unsatisfactory results obtained from vermicides 

 in the treatment of this parasite among domestic animals, the 

 means of prevention is obviously of the greatest importance. This 

 affection is one that may easily be mistaken for essential, non- 

 parasitic anaemia ; so that in order to make an absolute diagnosis, 

 a microscopic examination of the faeces should be made after the 

 administration of anthelmintics, which should result in the dis- 

 covery of ova of the U urinaria. 



Leuckart has studied the evolution of the Uncinaria trigono- 

 cephala, and it appears to be analogous in its general characters 

 to that of the Ankylostoma of man. 



The vitellus of the ova, segments in the oviduct of the female 

 until it reaches the larval stage: their evolution is probably not 

 continued in the intestine of their host, but after their expulsion 

 with the faeces. The cycle is completed in the presence of suitable 



